“…This is because, as expressed in other contributions to the collections (e.g. Brownlee, Powell, and Hallo 2013;Kunkle and Monroe 2019;Howell and Allen 2019), education and educational researchers must consider why different approaches to CCE seem to take root, blossom and/or whither, and in this, maintain a focus on whether and how they actually foster learning (see also McBean and Hengeveld 2000;Walsh and Cordero 2019;Lawson et al 2019;Ignell, Davies, and Lundholm 2019;Topp, Thai, and Hryciw 2019;Ouariachi et al 2019). This may also be contrasted with those programs or initatives feeding, generating or disrupting climate inaction, despair or amotivation (Pruneau, Khattabi, and Demers 2010;Dillon 2019), be that at the time of the 'educational event', and/or within lifelong or lifewide learning, such as when we consider research on the short and longer term effects of the capacity or limitations to a program, activity, life experience or the action competence it promises (Busch, Henderson, and Stevenson 2019).…”