A longitudinal study of the effect of Antarctic residence on energy dynamics and aerobic fitness

Simpson, Alistair; Maynard, Veronica

doi:10.3402/ijch.v71i0.17227

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…[Ethiopians living at similar altitudes are not as polycythemic (51). ] Polar explorers in Antarctica have increased body fat (12, 286). After exercise training, exertion at a level that previously would have been exhausting typically can be sustained longer and with less myocardial oxygen consumption (63), and the time required for return of postexercise heart rate to the baseline value is shortened.…”

Section: Concepts Of Scientific Integrative Medicinementioning

confidence: 99%

Concepts of Scientific Integrative Medicine Applied to the Physiology and Pathophysiology of Catecholamine Systems

Goldstein

2013

Comprehensive Physiology

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This review presents concepts of scientific integrative medicine and relates them to the physiology of catecholamine systems and to the pathophysiology of catecholamine-related disorders. The applications to catecholamine systems exemplify how scientific integrative medicine links systems biology with integrative physiology. Concepts of scientific integrative medicine include (i) negative feedback regulation, maintaining stability of the body’s monitored variables; (ii) homeostats, which compare information about monitored variables with algorithms for responding; (iii) multiple effectors, enabling compensatory activation of alternative effectors and primitive specificity of stress response patterns; (iv) effector sharing, accounting for interactions among homeostats and phenomena such as hyperglycemia attending gastrointestinal bleeding and hyponatremia attending congestive heart failure; (v) stress, applying a definition as a state rather than as an environmental stimulus or stereotyped response; (vi) distress, using a noncircular definition that does not presume pathology; (vii) allostasis, corresponding to adaptive plasticity of feedback-regulated systems; and (viii) allostatic load, explaining chronic degenerative diseases in terms of effects of cumulative wear and tear. From computer models one can predict mathematically the effects of stress and allostatic load on the transition from wellness to symptomatic disease. The review describes acute and chronic clinical disorders involving catecholamine systems—especially Parkinson disease—and how these concepts relate to pathophysiology, early detection, and treatment and prevention strategies in the post-genome era.

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Section: Concepts Of Scientific Integrative Medicinementioning

confidence: 99%

Concepts of Scientific Integrative Medicine Applied to the Physiology and Pathophysiology of Catecholamine Systems

Goldstein

2013

Comprehensive Physiology

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“…The more complicated physiological changes seen in domesticated species likely result from variable husbandry, and the fact that food abundance is no longer a limiting factor. Studies conducted in the Antarctic have also identified adaptive changes in human physiology, whereby body weight and body fat mass increase during winter [12] , and food intake also increases [13] . However, limited data are available from domestic pets, including cats.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal Variation in the Voluntary Food Intake of Domesticated Cats (Felis Catus)

et al. 2014

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There are numerous reports about seasonal cycles on food intake in animals but information is limited in dogs and cats. A 4-year prospective, observational, cohort study was conducted to assess differences in food intake in 38 ad-libitum-fed adult colony cats, of various breeds, ages and genders. Individual food intake was recorded on a daily basis, and the mean daily intake for each calendar month was calculated. These data were compared with climatic data (temperature and daylight length) for the region in the South of France where the study was performed. Data were analysed using both conventional statistical methods and by modelling using artificial neural networks (ANN). Irrespective of year, an effect of month was evident on food intake (P<0.001), with three periods of broadly differing intake. Food intake was least in the summer months (e.g. June, to August), and greatest during the months of late autumn and winter (e.g. October to February), with intermediate intake in the spring (e.g. March to May) and early autumn (e.g. September). A seasonal effect on bodyweight was not recorded. Periods of peak and trough food intake coincided with peaks and troughs in both temperature and daylight length. In conclusion, average food intake in summer is approximately 15% less than food intake during the winter months, and is likely to be due to the effects of outside temperatures and differences in daylight length. This seasonal effect in food intake should be properly considered when estimating daily maintenance energy requirements in cats.

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“…Further research on these strategies is critical due to the access to Antarctica via tourism and travel adventures in extreme environments that are growing in popularity. Finally, the majority of research reported concerning Antarctica was mostly on men and outcomes on women are needed (Simpson & Maynard, 2012). The aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of a month-long expedition in Antarctica on a mixed-gender crew of six explorers, to observe changes in physical fitness while being sustained on a high-fat diet, using latest technologies in equipment, and fitness preparation strategies.…”

Section: Present Strategies During Expedition In Antarcticamentioning

confidence: 99%

XP-Antarctik Expedition: The Effect of a Month-Long Expedition in Antarctica on Physiological Performance

Parent¹,

Martín²,

Morales³

et al. 2018

Journal of Human Performance in Extreme Environments

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Antarctica is a challenging habitat for humans. A group of 6 explorers (3 women and 3 men) participated in an expedition in Antarctica. The objective was to observe the physiological acclimatization of the explorers using the following strategies: physical preparation, highcaloric nutritional intake, and the latest physiological monitoring and outdoor equipment. Anthropometric measures (dual x-ray absorptiometry), specific maximal aerobic test, maximal aerobic running speed test, submaximal aerobic cold testing, strength tests (grip strength, leg press and chin up), and endurance tests (bar suspension and chair position) were conducted pre-and post-expedition. Due to the sample size, a paired t-test was used for normally distributed data and non-parametric (Wilcoxon) to compare values pre-and post-expedition. Effect sizes are presented as Cohen's d. The lean mass for the women was significantly higher after the expedition (45.4 ¡ 4.4 vs. 47.1 ¡ 4.1 kg; p 5 0.040, d 5 1.86); however, no significant difference was observed for the men (66.7 ¡ 7.3 vs. 66.0 ¡ 5.7 kg; p 5 0.581, d 5 0.11). Pre-and post-expedition values were significantly different for the specific maximal aerobic test, where the VO 2 peak was 40.8 ¡ 4.2 vs. 46.9 ¡ 7.4 ml/kg/min, respectively (p 5 0.027, d 5 1.01), but no significant difference was observed for the other aerobic tests. The muscular testing did not change significantly, except for the left leg one maximal repetition (295 ¡ 110 vs. 364 ¡ 135 lb, preand post-expedition respectively, p 5 0.031, d 5 20.56). The overall preparation for the expedition appears to be a key aspect in order to countermeasure the physical ability decay during an Antarctica expedition. However, further studies will need to be developed to discern the importance of the preparation components.

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A longitudinal study of the effect of Antarctic residence on energy dynamics and aerobic fitness

Cited by 8 publications

References 21 publications

Concepts of Scientific Integrative Medicine Applied to the Physiology and Pathophysiology of Catecholamine Systems

Concepts of Scientific Integrative Medicine Applied to the Physiology and Pathophysiology of Catecholamine Systems

Seasonal Variation in the Voluntary Food Intake of Domesticated Cats (Felis Catus)

XP-Antarctik Expedition: The Effect of a Month-Long Expedition in Antarctica on Physiological Performance

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