A Longitudinal Study of Speech Timing in Young Children Later Found to Have Reading Disability

Smith, Anne M.; Smith, Susan Lambrecht; Locke, John; Bennett, Jane A.

doi:10.1044/1092-4388(2008/06-0193)

Cited by 29 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Neither study included rise-time measures; nevertheless, both identified a range of neonate and infant auditory weaknesses using electroencephalography (EEG) that predicted later phonological awareness and reading ability [93][94][95] . A small-scale family-risk longitudinal study in English children revealed timing difficulties in syllable production for the at-risk children at the ages of two and three 96 .…”

Section: Amplitude Modulation (Rise-time) Deficitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensory theories of developmental dyslexia: three challenges for research

Goswami¹

2014

Nat Rev Neurosci

374

391

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Recent years have seen the publication of a range of new theories suggesting that the basis of dyslexia might be sensory dysfunction. In this Opinion article, the evidence for and against several prominent sensory theories of dyslexia is closely scrutinized. Contrary to the causal claims being made, my analysis suggests that many proposed sensory deficits might result from the effects of reduced reading experience on the dyslexic brain. I therefore suggest that longitudinal studies of sensory processing, beginning in infancy, are required to successfully identify the neural basis of developmental dyslexia. Such studies could have a powerful impact on remediation.

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Section: Amplitude Modulation (Rise-time) Deficitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensory theories of developmental dyslexia: three challenges for research

Goswami¹

2014

Nat Rev Neurosci

374

391

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“…For example, both children and adults with dyslexia have difficulties in recognizing syllable stress [11], [12], [13], [14] (identifying strong versus weak syllables). Studies of 2- and 3-year-olds at family risk for dyslexia have indicated speech timing difficulties in children who later present with reading difficulties, suggesting that difficulties are found in speech production as well as speech perception [15], although motor production difficulties as distinct from timing difficulties are a potential confound for the production data. Children who later turned out to have dyslexia produced significantly fewer syllables per second in early childhood (4.8 at age 3 compared to 7.1 for non-risk children) and paused for longer between articulations, suggestive of early syllable-level deficits.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Entrainment of Neuroelectric Delta Oscillations in Developmental Dyslexia

et al. 2013

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Oscillatory entrainment to the speech signal is important for language processing, but has not yet been studied in developmental disorders of language. Developmental dyslexia, a difficulty in acquiring efficient reading skills linked to difficulties with phonology (the sound structure of language), has been associated with behavioural entrainment deficits. It has been proposed that the phonological ‘deficit’ that characterises dyslexia across languages is related to impaired auditory entrainment to speech at lower frequencies via neuroelectric oscillations (<10 Hz, ‘temporal sampling theory’). Impaired entrainment to temporal modulations at lower frequencies would affect the recovery of the prosodic and syllabic structure of speech. Here we investigated event-related oscillatory EEG activity and contingent negative variation (CNV) to auditory rhythmic tone streams delivered at frequencies within the delta band (2 Hz, 1.5 Hz), relevant to sampling stressed syllables in speech. Given prior behavioural entrainment findings at these rates, we predicted functionally atypical entrainment of delta oscillations in dyslexia. Participants performed a rhythmic expectancy task, detecting occasional white noise targets interspersed with tones occurring regularly at rates of 2 Hz or 1.5 Hz. Both groups showed significant entrainment of delta oscillations to the rhythmic stimulus stream, however the strength of inter-trial delta phase coherence (ITC, ‘phase locking’) and the CNV were both significantly weaker in dyslexics, suggestive of weaker entrainment and less preparatory brain activity. Both ITC strength and CNV amplitude were significantly related to individual differences in language processing and reading. Additionally, the instantaneous phase of prestimulus delta oscillation predicted behavioural responding (response time) for control participants only.

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“…B. Smith et al, 2006;A. B. Smith, Lambrecht Smith, Locke, & Bennett, 2008;Fawcett & Nicolson, 2002).…”

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confidence: 97%

An Exploratory Study of the Development of Early Syllable Structure in Reading-Impaired Children

et al. 2010

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Babbling between the ages of 8 and 19 months was examined in 19 children, 13 of whom were at high risk for reading disorder (RD) and 6 normally reading children at low familial risk for RD. Development of syllable complexity was examined at five periods across this 11-month window. Results indicated that children who later evidenced RD produced a lower proportion of canonical utterances and less complex syllable structures than children without RD. As syllable complexity is an early indicator of phonological sophistication, differences at this level may offer a window into how the phonological system of children with RD is structured. Future directions for this line of research are discussed.

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A Longitudinal Study of Speech Timing in Young Children Later Found to Have Reading Disability

Cited by 29 publications

References 39 publications

Sensory theories of developmental dyslexia: three challenges for research

Sensory theories of developmental dyslexia: three challenges for research

Differential Entrainment of Neuroelectric Delta Oscillations in Developmental Dyslexia

An Exploratory Study of the Development of Early Syllable Structure in Reading-Impaired Children

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