A Longitudinal Study of Rhesus Monkey (Macaca mulatta) Milk Composition: Trace Elements, Minerals, Protein, Carbohydrate, and Fat

Lönnerdal, Bo; Keen, Carl L.; Glazier, Carol; Anderson, John G.

doi:10.1203/00006450-198409000-00023

Cited by 54 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…Calcium ion transport and calcium ion binding were also annotated for β-casein and this protein may potentially be more abundant due to the higher concentration of calcium in macaque milk. 49,60 No tissues were enriched in the subset of ortholog clusters that were more abundant in macaque milk. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 20…”

Section: Comparative Analysis Of Protein Contents In Human and Macaqumentioning

confidence: 98%

Comparative Proteomics of Human and Macaque Milk Reveals Species-Specific Nutrition during Postnatal Development

Beck¹,

Weber²,

Phinney³

et al. 2015

J. Proteome Res.

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Milk has been well established as the optimal nutrition source for infants, yet there is still much to be understood about its molecular composition. Therefore, our objective was to develop and compare comprehensive milk proteomes for human and rhesus macaques to highlight differences in neonatal nutrition. We developed a milk proteomics technique that overcomes previous technical barriers including pervasive post-translational modifications and limited sample volume. We identified 1606 and 518 proteins in human and macaque milk, respectively. During analysis of detected protein orthologs, we identified 88 differentially abundant proteins. Of these, 93% exhibited increased abundance in human milk relative to macaque and include lactoferrin, polymeric immunoglobulin receptor, alpha-1 antichymotrypsin, vitamin D-binding protein, and haptocorrin. Furthermore, proteins more abundant in human milk compared with macaque are associated with development of the gastrointestinal tract, the immune system, and the brain. Overall, our novel proteomics method reveals the first comprehensive macaque milk proteome and 524 newly identified human milk proteins. The differentially abundant proteins observed are consistent with the perspective that human infants, compared with nonhuman primates, are born at a slightly earlier stage of somatic development and require additional support through higher quantities of specific proteins to nurture human infant maturation.

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Section: Comparative Analysis Of Protein Contents In Human and Macaqumentioning

confidence: 98%

Comparative Proteomics of Human and Macaque Milk Reveals Species-Specific Nutrition during Postnatal Development

Beck¹,

Weber²,

Phinney³

et al. 2015

J. Proteome Res.

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“…Among anthropoid primates, protein contributes to GE the least in human [Jenness, 1979;Prentince, 1995;Stini et al, 1980] and ape milk [Milligan, unpublished data], is intermediate in its contribution among Old World monkeys (mainly represented by baboons and macaques) [Lönnerdal et al, 1984;, and is highest in New World monkeys [Power et al, 2002;this study].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The composition of milk from Bolivian squirrel monkeys (Saimiri boliviensis boliviensis)

Milligan

Gibson

Williams

et al. 2007

American J Primatol

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Squirrel monkeys (genus Saimiri) give birth to relatively large neonates with large, fast-growing brains. Maternal energy expenditure during gestation and infant development is argued to be high, but may be offset by the provisioning of offspring by females other than the mother (allonursing). Milk composition is an important component of maternal energy expenditure, but has been examined in only a small number of primate species. Here, we report on the milk composition from laboratory-housed Bolivian squirrel monkey (Saimiri boliviensis boliviensis) dams (n 5 6) and allomothers (n 5 2). Milk samples (n 5 16) representing mid-lactation were assayed for fat, sugar, dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), and fatty acids. Gross energy (GE) was calculated from these constituents (excepting fatty acids). The goals of this project were: (1) to provide descriptive data on milk composition of squirrel monkeys, including the range of intraspecific variation; (2) to determine if milk produced by allomothers differs from milk from dams; and (3) to compare squirrel monkey milk to that of other small New World monkeys, the callitrichines. Squirrel monkey samples averaged 4.56% fat, 3.59% CP, 6.98% sugar, 16.59% DM, and 0.91 kcal/g. The proportion of the medium chain fatty acids 8:0 and 10:0 was 40 times greater than that reported for human milk samples, and 18:1 and 18:2n-6 comprise more than 60% of total fatty acids. Milk from allomothers was lower than dams in fat, DM, and GE, which may relate to variation in maternal condition between these two groups. Excluding allomothers, milk from squirrel monkeys was higher in mean GE than captive common marmosets, but did not differ in the proportion of energy from fat, CP, and sugar relative to total GE. The consistency in energy from protein between species suggests this may be a shared-derived trait of New World monkeys. Am.

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“…Macaques generally lactate for about twelve months (Buss 1971), and during this time, ovulation is suppressed (Wilson et al 1988). The milk of macaques is similar to human milk but with a slightly higher proportion of protein (Jenness 1979; Lonnerdal et al 1984). Macaques generally bear single offspring, and it is interesting to note that the neonate typically has a strong and generally unchanging preference for one nipple or the other (Jaffe et al 2006).…”

Section: Life Stages Of the Breastmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The nonlactating macaque mammary gland differs somewhat from the human gland in that there are more often fat droplets within secretory epithelial cells, even in the quiescent gland (Figure 3). The basis for this subtle difference in breast morphology is not yet understood; macaques and humans have nearly identical reproductive physiology and milk composition (Jenness 1979; Lonnerdal et al 1984) and lactate for a similar developmental period of their offspring (Buss 1971). …”

Section: Anatomymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Mammary Glands of Macaques

Cline

Wood²

2008

Toxicol Pathol

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This review describes the normal biology and physiology of the mammary gland in macaques, including the typical histologic appearance across the life span (development, reproductive maturity, lactation, and senescence). The molecular events regulating breast morphogenesis are described, as well as systemic and local hormonal regulators of mammary gland proliferation, differentiation, and function. Similarities and differences to the human breast are described. Regulatory events are illuminated by discussion of genetically modified mouse models. Tissue response markers, including immunohistochemical markers of proliferation and other hormonally induced changes and studies to date, regarding the effects of exogenous hormones, are briefly summarized. In general, estrogens stimulate progesterone receptor expression and proliferation in the mammary gland, and combinations of estrogens and progestogens cause greater proliferation than estrogens alone. Evaluation of novel chemical agents in macaques requires careful evaluation of age and hormonal context to avoid the confounding effects of mammary gland development, past reproductive history, and other influences on mammary gland morphology. The expression of proliferation markers and progesterone receptors may be used as biomarkers to measure chemically induced hormonal effects.

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A Longitudinal Study of Rhesus Monkey (Macaca mulatta) Milk Composition: Trace Elements, Minerals, Protein, Carbohydrate, and Fat

Cited by 54 publications

References 21 publications

Comparative Proteomics of Human and Macaque Milk Reveals Species-Specific Nutrition during Postnatal Development

Comparative Proteomics of Human and Macaque Milk Reveals Species-Specific Nutrition during Postnatal Development

The composition of milk from Bolivian squirrel monkeys (Saimiri boliviensis boliviensis)

The Mammary Glands of Macaques

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