A longitudinal study of fractures in 1488 Thoroughbred racehorses receiving intrasynovial medication: 2006–2011

Smith, L. C. R.; Wylie, C. E.; Palmer, Leroy S.; Ramzan, P. H. L.

doi:10.1111/evj.12833

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…Recent heightened public awareness of catastrophic injuries occurring in equine sport, particularly endurance racing, has led to widespread concern about equine welfare and justification of such sporting events (https://www.horseandhound.co.uk/news/fei-uses-emergency-powers-improve-care-seriously-injured-endurance-horses-674294). Decreased nociception, whatever its origin, increases the risk of injury as the pain threshold is raised, disrupting the normal sensory protective warning system 1 2 . Sensory impairment disrupts proprioception and may lead to an abnormal gait, 3 which might predispose to injury, particularly at high speeds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical nociceptive thresholds in endurance horses

Schambourg¹,

Taylor²

2020

Veterinary Record

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BackgroundAlteration of limb sensitivity is forbidden in equine sports but difficult to enforce. We aimed to develop an objective field method to assess mechanical nociceptive threshold (MNT) in endurance horses.MethodsA remotely controlled pneumatic actuator (1 mm tip) was used to measure forelimb pastern MNT in 108 endurance horses.ResultsMedian (IQR) MNT at rest was 1.9 N (0.9–3.5). Icing had no significant effect on limb sensitivity. MNT measured at weekly intervals increased from week 1 (1.2 N (0.6–1.8)) to week 3 (1.9 N (1.2–2.8)) (P<0.05). In 17 horses without impaired sensitivity, MNT increased from 1.2 N (0.6–2.3) before to 2.4 N (1.2–5.2) after racing (P=0.0017). In desensitised horses, MNT after racing was higher (8 limbs—23.1 N (21.4 to >25)) than in horses without impaired sensitivity (42 limbs—2.2 N (1.2–4.3)) (P<0.0001). Desensitisation with mepivacaine increased MNT to above the safety cut-off (25 N) at 10 minutes; sensitivity return to baseline varied between individuals but was restored by 330 minutes. None of the horses became averse to the technique.ConclusionMNT was practical, non-traumatic, repeatable and well tolerated under field conditions in endurance horses. The technique differentiated postracing MNT in horses with normal sensitivity from those with impaired sensitivity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical nociceptive thresholds in endurance horses

Schambourg¹,

Taylor²

2020

Veterinary Record

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“…With wide availability and the knowledge gained by more advanced imaging techniques refining the most appropriate projections to use; radiography represents a relatively untapped resource that through education of primary care vets could immediately have a profound impact on injury mitigation. Indeed, in a study on the effect of intrasynovial medication on fracture risk, targeted imaging was only carried out before medication in 7.3% of cases 19 . This starkly demonstrates the currently low levels of application in some geographical areas and indicates how education to enhance clinical monitoring and basic radiography is likely to reduce both racehorse population attrition and individual losses.…”

Section: Diagnostic Techniques For Fetlock Injury Risk Profilingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Science‐in‐brief: Risk assessment for reducing injuries of the fetlock bones in Thoroughbred racehorses

Colgate

Marr²,

Carpenter³

et al. 2020

Equine Veterinary Journal

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In March 2020, a symposium was held in Newmarket, UK, aiming to discuss measures which could be used internationally to reduce the risk of catastrophic fracture associated with the fetlock joint. The meeting was supported by the Gerald Leigh Charitable Trust, the Beaufort Cottage Charitable Trust and the Jockey Club with additional contributions from a number of industry stakeholders (Data S2). On the first day a panel of international experts (Data S1: The FRAT Group) discussed risk assessment protocols, particularly those based on imaging features which might indicate increased risk of imminent fracture. This was followed by a wider discussion with a diverse invited audience (Data S3), on how our current knowledge of fracture pathophysiology and risk factors for injury could be used to target risk assessment protocols. A delegates' survey on the key discussion points allowed quantification of opinions. This editorial highlights key meeting outcomes and identifies actionable items that can be taken forward with immediate effect. AUTH O R CO NTR I B UTI O N S All authors gave their final approval of the manuscript.

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“…In some technical notes describing novel methods, it is appropriate to use healthy subjects ; however, in most technical notes, and by their nature all small descriptive clinical reports , the subjects should be animals with the disease of interest but then larger studies should be performed using these techniques for clinical relevance . There are numerous studies where large, retrospective populations of horses are used and then the findings on images are used to determine the ability for these horses to perform in racing conditions . These retrospective studies are used to help predict a prognosis, but since a large number of other factors contribute to racing success, it is important that authors tailor their conclusions based on the limitations of the study to allow the readers to interpret the data rather than making claims that the studies cannot substantiate.…”

Section: Technical Notes Case Reports and Seriesmentioning

confidence: 99%