A longitudinal study of drinking and cognitive performance in elderly Japanese American men: the Honolulu-Asia Aging Study

Galanis, Daniel J; Joseph, Carol L.; Petrovitch, Helen; Ross, G. Webster; White, Lon R.

doi:10.2105/ajph.90.8.1254

Cited by 88 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…These unadjusted associations show that this dataset had enough power to detect significant associations. These unadjusted associations are also consistent with several prior studies that showed worse cognitive performance among those who do not drink alcohol or have stopped drinking alcohol (e.g., 23–26, 28, 30, 31, 39 ), compared to those who currently drink alcohol. However, these unadjusted associations were eliminated after controlling for the variables that we presented in Figure 2.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

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Lifetime alcohol use and cognitive performance in older adults

Kalapatapu

Ventura

Barnes

2016

Journal of Addictive Diseases

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Background Substance use is an important clinical issue in the older adult population. As older adults are susceptible to cognitive disorders, the intersection of the fields of substance use and cognitive neuroscience is an active area of research. Prior studies of alcohol use and cognitive performance are mixed, and inconsistencies may be due to under- or over-adjustment for confounders. Aim This manuscript adds to this literature by conducting a secondary analysis of self-reported lifetime history of alcohol use and cognitive performance in older adults (n = 133). We hypothesized that current alcohol users would have poorer cognitive performance compared to never/minimal and former alcohol users. Methods Older adult participants were classified into never/minimal alcohol users, former alcohol users, and current alcohol users. A neurocognitive battery included a global cognitive measure and individual measures of attention, memory, fluency, and executive function. A directed acyclic graph (DAG)-based approach was used to select variables to be included in the multiple linear regression models. Results Though unadjusted analyses showed some significant associations between alcohol use and cognitive performance, all associations between alcohol use and cognitive performance were eliminated after adjusting for age, education, sex, race and smoking pack years. Alcohol drink years were not significantly associated with cognitive performance among current and former alcohol users. Discussion These results suggest that lifetime alcohol use is not significantly associated with cognitive performance in older adults after adjustment for key confounders. Inconsistencies in prior studies may be due to uncontrolled confounding and/or unnecessary adjustment of mediators and/or colliders.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Other studies have shown that current alcohol users have better cognitive performance than former alcohol users or those who have never used alcohol 23–28 . Whether alcohol affects cognitive performance also depends on many other factors, such as sex 29–34 , dose of alcohol 35–39 and length of abstinence 40 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lifetime alcohol use and cognitive performance in older adults

Kalapatapu

Ventura

Barnes

2016

Journal of Addictive Diseases

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“…However, this strategy did not succeed in identifying a significant benefit for Hungary (compare hungary and hungary-nh lines) or for Japan (compare japan and japan-nh lines). However, in the case of Japan it should be noted that two studies of Japanese Americans (japan-amer)114,148 did find a significant benefit of alcohol, suggesting failure to find a significant benefit in the studies in Japan may not have a genetic basis. In addition, one “no ratio” study of Japanese Americans found better cognition in moderate drinkers 79.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Moderate alcohol consumption and cognitive risk

Neafsey¹,

Collins²

2011

NDT

182

155

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We reviewed 143 papers that described the relationship between moderate drinking of alcohol and some aspect of cognition. Two types of papers were found: (1) those that provided ratios of risk between drinkers and nondrinkers (74 papers in total) and (2) those that, although they did not provide such ratios, allowed cognition in drinkers to be rated as “better,” “no different,” or “worse” than cognition in nondrinkers (69 papers in total). The history of research on moderate drinking and cognition can be divided into two eras: 1977–1997 and 1998–present. Phase I (1977–1997) was the era of neuropsychological evaluation involving mostly young to middle-aged (18–50 years old) subjects. Although initial studies indicated moderate drinking impaired cognition, many later studies failed to confirm this, instead finding no difference in cognition between drinkers and nondrinkers. Phase II (1998–present) was and is the era of mental status exam evaluation involving mostly older (≥55 years old) subjects. These studies overwhelmingly found that moderate drinking either reduced or had no effect on the risk of dementia or cognitive impairment. When all the ratios of risk from all the studies in phase II providing such ratios are entered into a comprehensive meta-analysis, the average ratio of risk for cognitive risk (dementia or cognitive impairment/decline) associated with moderate “social” (not alcoholic) drinking of alcohol is 0.77, with nondrinkers as the reference group. The benefit of moderate drinking applied to all forms of dementia (dementia unspecified, Alzheimer’s disease, and vascular dementia) and to cognitive impairment (low test scores), but no significant benefit against cognitive decline (rate of decline in test scores) was found. Both light and moderate drinking provided a similar benefit, but heavy drinking was associated with nonsignificantly higher cognitive risk for dementia and cognitive impairment. Although the meta-analysis also indicated that wine was better than beer or spirits, this was based on a relatively small number of studies because most studies did not distinguish among these different types of alcohol. Furthermore, a number of the studies that did make the distinction reported no difference among the effects of these different types of alcohol. Therefore, at present this question remains unanswered. Analysis also showed that the presence of the apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 allele eliminated the benefit of moderate drinking. However, this was based on a relatively small number of studies and several other studies have found a beneficial effect of the epsilon e4 allele. Further studies are necessary to settle this question. The benefit of moderate alcohol for cognition was seen in both men and women, although the amount and pattern of drinking is very different between the two sexes. Lastly, the finding of unaffected or significantly reduced cognitive risk in light to moderate drinkers was seen in 14/19 countries for which country-specific ratio data were available, with three of the five rema...

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“…For example, a much-replicated finding in social epidemiology holds that older persons who drink alcohol moderately perform better on cognitive assessments than those who either abstain or drink to excess, thus suggesting a beneficial effect of drinking in moderation (Christian et al, 1995; Elias, Elias, D’Agostino, Silbershatz, & Wolf, 1999; Galanis et al, 2000; Goodwin et al, 1987; Hebert et al, 1993; Hendrie, Gao, Hall, Hui, & Unverzagt, 1996; Launer, Feskens, Kalmijn, & Kromhout, 1996). Unfortunately, these studies share designs with poor control of prior cognitive ability.…”

Section: Ability Across the Life Coursementioning

confidence: 99%

Causes and Consequences of Cognitive Functioning Across the Life Course

Hauser¹

2010

Educational Researcher

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Research on variation in cognitive abilities has focused largely on their genetic or experiential sources and on their economic consequences. This article takes a broader look at the consequences of cognitive ability—IQ—across the life course. Contrary to received wisdom, the effects of IQ on economic success are almost entirely mediated by educational attainment. Among persons with equal levels of schooling, IQ has little influence on job performance, occupational standing, earnings, or wealth. But there are other, sometimes surprising consequences of IQ throughout adult life. The long-term correlates of adolescent cognition include drinking behavior, survey participation, Internet use, and the timing of menopause. These are surveyed primarily using findings from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study.

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A longitudinal study of drinking and cognitive performance in elderly Japanese American men: the Honolulu-Asia Aging Study

Cited by 88 publications

References 40 publications

Lifetime alcohol use and cognitive performance in older adults

Lifetime alcohol use and cognitive performance in older adults

Moderate alcohol consumption and cognitive risk

Causes and Consequences of Cognitive Functioning Across the Life Course

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