A Longitudinal Study of Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Cognitive Function in Healthy Older Adults

Barnes, Deborah E.; Yaffe, Kristine; Satariano, William A.; Tager, Ira B.

doi:10.1046/j.1532-5415.2003.51153.x

Cited by 506 publications

(400 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Further, few studies have focused on the relationship between physical activity and executive control. As noted above, Barnes et al (2003) found the largest improvement for global cognitive performance and executive control in their prospective study of communitydwelling older adults, and Kramer et al (1999) found selective improvement for tasks with large executive control components in older adults using a randomized control design. The current data corroborate these findings and suggest that physical activity may delay cognitive aging during earlier periods of the life span as well.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Physical activity and cognitive function in a cross-section of younger and older community-dwelling individuals.

Hillman¹,

Motl²,

Pontifex³

et al. 2006

Health Psychology

213

164

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Previous reports have indicated a small, positive relationship between physical activity and cognition. However, the majority of research has focused on older adults, with few studies examining this relationship during earlier periods of the life span. This study examined the relationship of physical activity to cognition in a cross-section of 241 community-dwelling individuals 15-71 years of age with a task requiring variable amounts of executive control. Data were analyzed with multiple regression, which controlled for age, sex, and IQ. Participants reported their physical activity behavior and were tested for reaction time (RT) and response accuracy on congruent and incongruent conditions of a flanker task, which manipulates interference control. After controlling for confounding variables, an age-related slowing of RT was observed during both congruent and incongruent flanker conditions. However, physical activity was associated with faster RT during these conditions, regardless of age. Response accuracy findings indicated that increased physical activity was associated with better performance only during the incongruent condition for the older cohort. Findings suggest that physical activity may be beneficial to both general and selective aspects of cognition, particularly among older adults.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Physical activity and cognitive function in a cross-section of younger and older community-dwelling individuals.

Hillman¹,

Motl²,

Pontifex³

et al. 2006

Health Psychology

213

164

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Their cross-sectional findings indicate that individuals in the highest quartile of daytime movement performed better on the Trail making test (Part B) and the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) than those in the lowest quartile. In a separate prospective study, 20 cardio-respiratory fitness was assessed in a cohort of 349 people using a standard treadmill exercise test protocol which included peak oxygen consumption (peak VO 2 ), treadmill exercise duration, and oxygen uptake efficiency slope. The cohort also had their cognitive function evaluated and any cognitive decline was assessed at a follow-up re-evaluation 6 years later.…”

Section: Evidence From Epidemiological Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple effects of physical activity on molecular and cognitive signs of brain aging: can exercise slow neurodegeneration and delay Alzheimer’s disease?

2012

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Western countries are experiencing aging populations and increased longevity; thus the incidence of dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD) in these countries is projected to soar.In the absence of a therapeutic drug, non-pharmacological preventative approaches are being investigated. One of these approaches is regular participation in physical activity or exercise.This paper reviews studies that have explored the relationship between physical activity and cognitive function, cognitive decline, AD/dementia risk and AD-associated biomarkers and processes. There is now strong evidence that links regular physical activity or exercise to higher cognitive function, decreased cognitive decline and reduced risk of AD or dementia.Nevertheless, these associations require further investigation, more specifically with interventional studies that include long follow-up periods. In particular, relatively little is known about the underlying mechanism(s) of the associations between physical activity and AD neuropathology; clearly this is an area in need of further research, particularly in human populations. While benefits of physical activity or exercise are clearly recognised, there is a need to clarify how much physical activity provides the greatest benefit and also whether people of different genotypes require tailored exercise regimes.3

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“…In addition, a number of prospective studies with fairly large numbers of older participants have found that those who did not regularly participate in aerobic exercise (e.g., walking, running, or jogging) over the past decade had significantly elevated Pittsburgh Compound B, tau and phosphorylated tau (ptau) 181 biomarker values, and the active elderly who met the exercise guidelines set by the American Heart Association had significantly healthier amyloid profiles [80]. Similarly, the elderly with higher aerobic fitness at baseline were less likely to experience cognitive declines, AD, and dementia of any type during five to eight years of follow-up [81][82][83][84], suggesting that greater physical fitness could lead to cognitive benefits in the healthy elderly, thus preventing them from suffering from MCI and dementia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Physical Fitness in the Neurocognitive Performance of Task Switching in Older Persons with Mild Cognitive Impairment

Tsai

Pai

Ukropec

et al. 2016

JAD

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Abstract. Although elderly people with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) have been found to show impaired behavioral performance in task switching, no research has yet explored the electrophysiological mechanisms and the potential correlation between physical fitness and neurocognitive (i.e., behavioral and electrophysiological) performance in aMCI. The present study was thus aimed to examine whether there are differences in electrophysiological (i.e., event-related potential) performance between aMCI participants and controls when performing a task-switching paradigm, and to investigate the role of physical fitness in the relationship between neurocognitive performance and aMCI. Sixty participants were classified into aMCI (n = 30) and control (n = 30) groups, and performed a task-switching paradigm with concomitant electrophysiological recording, as well as underwent senior functional physical fitness tests. The aMCI group showed comparable scores on most parts of the physical fitness tests, but reduced lower body flexibility and VO 2max as compared to the control group. When performing the task-switching paradigm, the aMCI group showed slower reaction times in the heterogeneous condition and larger global switching costs, although no significant difference was observed in accuracy rates between the two groups. In addition, the aMCI group showed significantly prolonged P3 latencies in the homogeneous and heterogeneous conditions, and a smaller P3 amplitude only in the heterogeneous condition. The level of cardiorespiratory fitness was significantly correlated with P3 amplitude in the aMCI group, particularly in the heterogeneous condition of the task-switching paradigm. These results show that the aMCI group exhibited abnormalities in their neurocognitive performance when performing the task-switching paradigm and such a deficit was likely associated with reduced cardiorespiratory fitness, which was shown to be the important predictor of neurocognitive performance.

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A Longitudinal Study of Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Cognitive Function in Healthy Older Adults

Cited by 506 publications

References 43 publications

Physical activity and cognitive function in a cross-section of younger and older community-dwelling individuals.

Physical activity and cognitive function in a cross-section of younger and older community-dwelling individuals.

Multiple effects of physical activity on molecular and cognitive signs of brain aging: can exercise slow neurodegeneration and delay Alzheimer’s disease?

The Role of Physical Fitness in the Neurocognitive Performance of Task Switching in Older Persons with Mild Cognitive Impairment

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