A Longitudinal Study of BCG Vaccination in Early Childhood: The Development of Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses

Djuardi, Yenny; Sartono, Erliyani; Wibowo, Heri; Supali, Taniawati; Yazdanbakhsh, Maria

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0014066

Cited by 49 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Furthermore, given that the subjects in our study from South Africa and Ecuador received Bacillus Calmette-Guérin around birth while subjects from Belgium and Canada did not, newborn Bacillus Calmette-Guérin immunization also appears unlikely to be the main driver for observed differences at age 2 years. Of note, Djuardi et al 36 also found no clear effect of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccination on the innate immune ontogeny. While the overall vaccination schedule was similar for all infants across the 4 sites, differences in vaccine composition (eg, acellular vs whole-cell pertussis) or exact age of receipt of vaccines differed; we thus cannot exclude that such variation in standard childhood vaccination might be responsible for our observed differences.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Pattern recognition receptor-mediated cytokine response in infants across 4 continents⋆

Smolen¹,

Ruck²,

Fortuno³

et al. 2014

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

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BackgroundSusceptibility to infection as well as response to vaccination varies among populations. To date, the underlying mechanisms responsible for these clinical observations have not been fully delineated. Because innate immunity instructs adaptive immunity, we hypothesized that differences between populations in innate immune responses may represent a mechanistic link to variation in susceptibility to infection or response to vaccination.ObjectiveDetermine whether differences in innate immune responses exist among infants from different continents of the world.MethodsWe determined the innate cytokine response following pattern recognition receptor (PRR) stimulation of whole blood from 2-year-old infants across 4 continents (Africa, North America, South America, and Europe).ResultsWe found that despite the many possible genetic and environmental exposure differences in infants across 4 continents, innate cytokine responses were similar for infants from North America, South America, and Europe. However, cells from South African infants secreted significantly lower levels of cytokines than did cells from infants from the 3 other sites, and did so following stimulation of extracellular and endosomal but not cytosolic PRRs.ConclusionsSubstantial differences in innate cytokine responses to PRR stimulation exist among different populations of infants that could not have been predicted. Delineating the underlying mechanism(s) for these differences will not only aid in improving vaccine-mediated protection but possibly also provide clues for the susceptibility to infection in different regions of the world.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Pattern recognition receptor-mediated cytokine response in infants across 4 continents⋆

Smolen¹,

Ruck²,

Fortuno³

et al. 2014

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

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“…A common confounder, which affects TST reactivity, is prior vaccination with BCG vaccine, and/or the strain and dose of BCG used, and/or method of vaccine administration and age at vaccination. Successful vaccination can be assessed by the presence or absence of a BCG scar [11]. Similar finding was emphasized on skin testing in BCG-vaccinated populations to predict LTBI suspicious carriers [12].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Is Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) Vaccine a Known Risk Factor for Latent Tuberculosis Infection?: A Cross-sectional Study on 180 New Immigrants from BCG-vaccinated Countries to Kuwait

Harbie¹

2012

J Vaccines Vaccin

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“…Recently, a strong association has been found between IL-5 or IL-13 responses to PPD soon after BCG vaccination and scar formation at 4 years. The authors commented that assessing scar size reflects an early Th2 response induced by BCG rather than generally accepted Th1 responses (29).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scar Formation and Tuberculin Skin Test Response After Bacillus Calmette-Guerin Vaccination: Does Prematurity or Low Birth Weight Have an Impact?

et al. 2017

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Objectives: The present study aimed at evaluating factors affecting scar formation and tuberculin skin test (TST) response in Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccinated infants. Methods: In the current study, 216 infants with gestational age (GA) of 26 to 40 weeks and birth weight of 730 g to 4590 g were included. The mean corrected age was 6.27 ± 3.79 weeks, and the mean weight was 4442.4 ± 1084.1 g (range 2100 -7700 g) at the time of BCG vaccination. TST was applied at 8 to 16 weeks of vaccination. Factors affecting TST response and BCG scar formation were evaluated. Results: A scar response to BCG vaccination was found in 60%, 49.4%, and 59.7% of the infants with GA < 32 weeks, 33 to 36 weeks, and ≥ 37 weeks, respectively. Of the male infants 65% produced a scar compared to the 45% of the female infants (P = 0.014). The mean weight at the time of vaccination was significantly higher in infants with scar development than in those without scars (6976.94 g vs. 6455.68, P = 0.002). A tuberculin reaction was detected in 57% of the infants (80%, 54%, and 50% according to birth weight > 2500 g, 1500 -2500 g, and < 1500 g, respectively) (P = 0.213). TST response rate was 67%, 55%, and 47% according to GA ≥ 37 w, 33 -36 w, and ≤ 32 w, respectively (P = 0,020). In the present study, 68.4% of the cases with TST of 5 -10 mm, and 100% of the cases with TST > 10 mm developed scars ≥ 2 mm (r = 0.360; P = 0.001).Conclusions: Prematurity or birth weight does not affect BCG scar formation. TST response is lower in preterm babies. The correlation between scar formation and TST response was too low to be interpreted as positive.

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A Longitudinal Study of BCG Vaccination in Early Childhood: The Development of Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses

Cited by 49 publications

References 28 publications

Pattern recognition receptor-mediated cytokine response in infants across 4 continents⋆

Pattern recognition receptor-mediated cytokine response in infants across 4 continents⋆

Is Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) Vaccine a Known Risk Factor for Latent Tuberculosis Infection?: A Cross-sectional Study on 180 New Immigrants from BCG-vaccinated Countries to Kuwait

Scar Formation and Tuberculin Skin Test Response After Bacillus Calmette-Guerin Vaccination: Does Prematurity or Low Birth Weight Have an Impact?

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