A Longitudinal Study Comparing Bereavement Phenomena in Recently Bereaved Spouses, Adult Children and Parents

Middleton, Warwick; Raphael, Beverley; Burnett, Paul C.; Martinek, Nada

doi:10.3109/00048679809062734

Cited by 150 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Given evidence that parental grief is the most intense and long-lasting, 2 it was anticipated that symptoms of PGD would be more prevalent in our population than in studies of bereaved spouses or bereaved adult children. In fact, the rate of PGD among parents in our sample was similar to those reported in populations of bereaved individuals following death from natural causes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Prevalence and Predictors of Parental Grief and Depression after the Death of a Child from Cancer

McCarthy

Clarke

Ting

et al. 2010

Journal of Palliative Medicine

121

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A minority of parents met criteria for PGD and depression, however, almost half the sample was experiencing significant separation distress associated with persistent longing and yearning for their child. Time since death is a significant predictor of parental psychological distress. This study also highlights the importance of end-of-life factors in parents' long-term adjustment and the need for optimal palliative care to ensure the best possible outcomes for parents.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Prevalence and Predictors of Parental Grief and Depression after the Death of a Child from Cancer

McCarthy

Clarke

Ting

et al. 2010

Journal of Palliative Medicine

121

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“…The scale's authors report high internal consistency (a 5 .92) with a sample of 158 bereaved adults (Burnett et al, 1997). The authors also found evidence for construct validity in that the CBI discriminated between different subsets of the bereaved based on varying levels of grief intensity, which included differentiating between expected and sudden causes of death (Middleton, Raphael, Burnett, & Martinek, 1998). In the current sample, Cronbach's alpha was .94 for the CBI.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Predictors of grief following the death of one's child: the contribution of finding meaning

Keesee¹,

2008

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This study examined the relative contribution of objective risk factors and meaning-making to grief severity among 157 parents who had lost a child to death. Participants completed the Core Bereavement Items (CBI; Burnett, Middleton, Raphael, & Martinek, 1997), Inventory of Complicated Grief (ICG; Prigerson et al., 1995), questions assessing the process and degree of sense-making and benefit-finding, and the circumstances surrounding their losses. Results showed that the violence of the death, age of the child at death, and length of bereavement accounted for significant differences in normative grief symptoms (assessed by the CBI). Other results indicated that the cause of death was the only objective risk factor that significantly predicted the intensity of complicated grief (assessed by the ICG). Of the factors examined in this study, sense-making emerged as the most salient predictor of grief severity, with parents who reported having made little to no sense of their child's death being more likely to report greater intensity of grief. Implications for clinical work are discussed.

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“…Cleiren, Diekstra, Kerkhof, and van der Wal (1994) found that bereaved mothers who had lost a child were the most severely affected group among those who had lost a close person (see also Middleton, Raphael, Burnett, & Martinek, 1998). In a long-term study, Lehman, Wortman, and Williams (1987) found that persons who had lost a child or spouse in an accident had not resolved their grief years after the event.…”

mentioning

confidence: 92%

Mourning Parents: Considering Safeguards and Their Relation to Health

Znoj

Keller²

2002

Death Studies

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This study investigated the emotional consequences for parents following the death of their child. Bereaved parents and age and gender-matched peers completed measures of physical health, depression, post-traumatic stress, and personal coping resources. To investigate the regulation of emotional reactions, the authors used a new instrument consisting of 4 scales: adaptive emotion regulation, confiding in others as a means to feeling better, avoiding and hiding emotions, and controlling the emotional impact by distorting awareness and communication. The bereaved parents were severely affected by the loss; they reported high distress levels. However, parents both in the bereavement group as well as in a comparison group who had experienced human loss showed better ability to control emotions adaptively compared with those who did not report such losses. The result is discussed in terms of lifespan development and personal growth.

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A Longitudinal Study Comparing Bereavement Phenomena in Recently Bereaved Spouses, Adult Children and Parents

Abstract: Evidence from this study supports the hypothesis that in non-clinical, community-based populations the frequency with which core bereavement phenomena are experienced is in the order: bereaved parents > bereaved spouses > bereaved adult children.

Cited by 150 publications

References 22 publications

Prevalence and Predictors of Parental Grief and Depression after the Death of a Child from Cancer

Prevalence and Predictors of Parental Grief and Depression after the Death of a Child from Cancer

Predictors of grief following the death of one's child: the contribution of finding meaning

Mourning Parents: Considering Safeguards and Their Relation to Health

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