A longitudinal comparative analysis of economic and family caregiver burden due to bipolar disorder

Zergaw, Ababi; Hailemariam, Damen; Alem, Atalay; Kebede, Derege

doi:10.4314/ajpsy.v11i3.30268

Cited by 25 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…These economic impacts were due to costs related to care (cost for treatment, cost of informal care giving), productivity (inability to work and time for care giving) and cost of treatment side effects, suicide and stigma. For example, in one study, out-of-pocket medical expense per year was higher in caregivers of people with bipolar disorder (US$93.93) than caregivers of other medical conditions (US$64.8) and general population comparisons (US$56.18) 45. Family members ability to pursue regular activities was also affected 46…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multidimensional impact of severe mental illness on family members: systematic review

et al. 2019

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ObjectiveThe impact of severe mental illnesses (SMIs) is not limited to the person with the illness but extends to their family members and the community where the patient comes from. In this review, we systematically analyse the available evidence of impacts of SMI on family members, including parents, grandparents, siblings, spouses and children.Data sourcesPubMed, PsycINFO, Embase and Global Index Medicus were searched from the inception of each database up to 9 November 2019. We also did manual searches of grey literature.Eligibility criteriaWe included studies that assessed the impacts of SMI on any family member. We excluded studies in admitted clinics and acute wards to rule out the acute effect of hospitalisation.Data extractionTwo reviewers extracted data independently using the Cochrane handbook guideline for systematic reviews and agreed on the final inclusion of identified studies.Risk of biasThe quality of the included studies was assessed using effective public health practice project quality assessment tool for quantitative studies.The review protocol was registered in the PROSPERO database.ResultsWe screened a total of 12 107 duplicate free articles and included 39 articles in the review. The multidimensional impact of SMI included physical health problems (sleeplessness, headache and extreme tiredness.), psychological difficulties (depression and other psychological problems) and socioeconomic drift (less likely to marry and higher divorce rate and greater food insecurity). Impacts on children included higher mortality, poor school performance and nutritional problems. However, the quality of one in five studies was considered weak.ConclusionsOur review indicated a high level of multidimensional impact across multiple generations. The serious nature of the impact calls for interventions to address the multidimensional and multigenerational impact of SMI, particularly in low/middle-income countries. Given the relatively high number of studies rated methodologically weak, more robust studies are indicated.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018064123.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multidimensional impact of severe mental illness on family members: systematic review

et al. 2019

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“…Severe mental illnesses evaluated were dementia [ 29 ], bipolar disorder [ 26 , 30 , 31 ], schizophrenia [ 12 , 26 , 27 , 30 , 32 ], affective disorder [ 27 ] and depression [ 12 , 30 ]. Caregivers interviewed were mainly female and unemployed and had primary education or less.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic burden of caregiving for persons with severe mental illness in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review

2018

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BackgroundOver the past two decades, the focus of mental health care has shifted from institutionalisation to community-based programs and short hospital stays. This change means that there is an increased role for caregivers, mostly family members, in managing persons with mental illness. Although there is evidence to support the benefits of deinstitutionalisation of mental health care, there are also indications of substantial burden experienced by caregivers; the evidence of which is limited in sub-Saharan Africa. However, knowledge of the nature and extent of this burden can inform the planning of mental health services that will not only benefit patients, but also caregivers and households.ObjectiveTo systematically review the available evidence on the economic burden of severe mental illness on primary family caregivers in sub-Saharan Africa.MethodsA comprehensive search was conducted in Pubmed, CINAHL, Econlit and Web of Science with no date limitations up to September 2016 using keywords such as "burden", "cost of illness" and "economic burden" to identify relevant published literature. Articles were appraised using a standardised data extraction tool covering themes such as physical, psychological and socioeconomic burden.ResultsSeven papers were included in the review. Caregivers were mostly family members with a mean age of 46.34, female and unemployed. Five out of seven studies (71%) estimated the full economic burden of severe mental illness on caregivers. The remainder of studies just described the caregiver burden. All seven papers reported moderate to severe caregiver burden characterised by financial constraint, productivity loss and lost employment. The caregiver’s level of income and employment status, severity of patient's condition and duration of mental illness were reported to negatively affect the economic burden experienced by caregivers.ConclusionThere is paucity of studies reporting the burden of severe mental illness on caregivers in sub-Saharan Africa. Further research is needed to present the nature and extent of this burden to inform service planning and policymaking.

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“…Haung, Sun, Yen, and Fun also state how families with mentally ill members used strengths such as positive thinking and knowledge, behavioral coping strategies and crying as emotional release [23]. It is thus suggested that future studies need to focus on strengths to devise feasible interventions or strategies to lessen economic, social psychological and emotional burdens for family members and carers [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experiences of Families Living with a Mentally Ill Family Member

Mokoena-Mvandaba¹

2014

J Psychiatry

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Objective: To explore the experiences, describe the strengths to cope, and formulate recommendations to support families living with a mentally ill family member in the Thabo-Mofutsanyana district of the Free State Province in South Africa. Method: A qualitative, phenomenological design, and in-depth interview guided by three central questions. A total of 14 interviews were conducted. Results: Three main themes that were identified after data analysis: positive experiences and strengths, negative experiences, and support of families living with a mentally ill family member. Conclusion: In order to address some concerns indicated by these families, and to strengthen their strategies in coping as individuals and as families, support recommendations were formulated. Further studies are needed to implement these recommendations and to evaluate their effectiveness.

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A longitudinal comparative analysis of economic and family caregiver burden due to bipolar disorder

Cited by 25 publications

References 14 publications

Multidimensional impact of severe mental illness on family members: systematic review

Multidimensional impact of severe mental illness on family members: systematic review

Economic burden of caregiving for persons with severe mental illness in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review

Experiences of Families Living with a Mentally Ill Family Member

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