A longitudinal analysis of psychological impact and coping strategies following spinal cord injury

Kennedy, Paul; Marsh, Neal; Lowe, Rodney; Grey, Nick; Short, Emma; Rogers, Ben

doi:10.1348/135910700168838

Cited by 118 publications

(165 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…It is felt that this client database is comparable to the population sample of Kennedy et al's 35 longitudinal study. Questionnaires were sent to selected participants with SCI who resided in Germany (400), the UK (300), Switzerland (150) and Austria (150).…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Quality of life, social participation, appraisals and coping post spinal cord injury: a review of four community samples

2005

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Study design: Cross-sectional or psychotherapy, questionnaire. Objectives: To examine the community needs of people with spinal cord injury (SCI) across four European countries and to identify areas of unmet needs. It is intended that this information will be of use to rehabilitation professionals in fostering greater social participation among SCI individuals. Setting: United Kingdom, Germany, Austria and Switzerland. Methods: Self-report questionnaires were sent to 1000 people with SCI resident in the community in the UK, Germany, Austria and Switzerland. Questionnaires measured current needs, community integration, mood, appraisals, coping strategies, functional independence and perceived manageability. Results: Occupation, sexual activity and pain relief were areas indicative of highest community needs in all four countries. Most participants were psychologically well adjusted and socially integrated into the community. Well-addressed needs were skin management, wheelchair needs and accommodation. Some differences that occurred in certain areas across the four countries were found. Conclusion: This study has highlighted that the main areas of unmet needs for a European community sample of people with SCI includes levels of occupation, sexual activity and pain relief. The findings will be of interest to those involved in rehabilitation of newly as well as longterm injured people and demonstrate the need to consistently readdress such issues as part of a person's long-term rehabilitation in order to achieve and maximise effective social participation.Spinal Cord (2006) 44, 95-105.

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Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Quality of life, social participation, appraisals and coping post spinal cord injury: a review of four community samples

2005

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“…9,10 The coping factor Social reliance was associated with elevated psychological distress. One possible explanation might be that this strategy involves externalising control, and elevated external control attributions have been associated with higher levels of psychological distress and depression in SCL.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, a number of weaknesses have been noted concerning the psychometric stability in the coping questionnaire used 6 (the Ways of Coping Checklist (revised)). 7 Two other studies using another coping measure (COPE) 8 and controlling for functional independence, marital satisfaction and duration of disability 9 and functional independence, 10 found coping strategies to be the strongest predictors of psychological distress, while marital satisfaction had no e ect at all. However, another study using the same coping measure failed to detect di erences in coping strategies between a coping e ectiveness training group of SCL participants and matched controls, although psychological distress was signi®cantly reduced in the intervention group.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effects of coping on psychological outcome when controlling for background variables: a study of traumatically spinal cord lesioned persons

et al. 2002

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Study design: Cross-sectional. Objectives: In a previous study we found spinal cord lesion (SCL)-related coping factors to be distinctly related to levels of SCL-related psychological outcome. However, we did not control for other potentially confounding variables. In this study we investigated e ects of coping strategies on psychological outcome reactions in traumatically spinal cord lesioned persons controlling for sociodemographic, disability-related and social support variables. Setting: The Gothenburg Spinal Injuries Unit in Sweden. Methods: The study sample comprised 255 persons and a subsample of 157 persons. A series of stepwise multiple regression analyses were performed. Results: SCL-related coping factors clearly predicted psychological outcome even when background variables were controlled. Higher levels of acceptance coping predicted decreased psychological distress and increased positive morale. Elevated social reliance coping predicted heightened distress. Higher levels of social support predicted lower feelings of helplessness. Sociodemographic and disability-related variables were weak predictors of psychological outcome with one exception: higher education predicted less bitterness and brooding. Conclusion: SCL-related coping remained the most important predictor of psychological outcome even when a wide range of variables was controlled. Thus we conclude that psychosocial interventions aimed at helping individuals develop their coping strategies might be of substantial value in their adjustment to SCL.

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“…15,18 (ii) Concurrent Mental Health Di culties: Anxiety was measured using the State Anxiety Inventory (SAI) 19 and depression was measured using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). 20 These scales have been successfully used in the literature to assess psychological adjustment to injury and trauma 14,21,22 and while there is some indication that the BDI may in¯ate estimates in patients with SCI because of some somatic-based items, 23 it has been shown to be generally reliable with this population. 24 (iii) Dependency: Functional Independence Measure (FIM).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of post traumatic distress in the first 6 months following SCI

Kennedy

Evans

2001

Spinal Cord

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Study design: Cross-sectional questionnaire. Objectives: To assess the degree of post traumatic stress symptomatology and its correlates amongst a group of new spinal cord injured patients. Setting: The National Spinal Injuries Centre, Stoke Mandeville Hospital NHS Trust. Method: Eighty-®ve participants with an average age of 32.6 years were assessed between 6 and 24 weeks post injury. Seventeen participants were female. Seventy per cent had complete lesions. Forty per cent had paraplegia and 60% had tetraplegia. Road tra c accidents were the most common cause of injury followed by falls and then sporting accidents. The Impact of Event Scale was used to measure the experience of intrusive thoughts about the trauma and avoidance of trauma related stimuli. Anxiety (SAI), depression (BDI) and dependency (FIM) were also measured. Results: High levels of distress were evident in 14% of the sample. Trauma-related distress was signi®cantly higher in female patients or patients with high levels of anxiety or depression. Conclusion: In this sample, the rates of trauma-related distress following spinal cord injury were comparable to those found following other traumas and are of clinical signi®cance. Spinal Cord (2001) 39, 381 ± 386

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A longitudinal analysis of psychological impact and coping strategies following spinal cord injury

Cited by 118 publications

References 24 publications

Quality of life, social participation, appraisals and coping post spinal cord injury: a review of four community samples

Quality of life, social participation, appraisals and coping post spinal cord injury: a review of four community samples

Effects of coping on psychological outcome when controlling for background variables: a study of traumatically spinal cord lesioned persons

Evaluation of post traumatic distress in the first 6 months following SCI

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