A long-term bacteriological and immunological study in Holstein-Friesian cattle experimentally infected with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and necropsy culture results for Holstein-Friesian cattle, Merino sheep and Angora goats

Stewart, David J.; Vaughan, J.A.; Stiles, Paula L; Noske, P; Tizard, Mark; Prowse, Stephen J.; Michalski, Wojtek P.; Butler, K. L.; Jones, Stephen L.

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2006.12.030

Cited by 43 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The sensitivity of culture was expected to be influenced by culture method and laboratory ; however, quantitative information on culture sensitivity by laboratory/specific method is lacking and changes in culture sensitivity were therefore not accounted for in the analysis. If animals were given two or more infectious doses of MAP in a short period of time and faecal cultures were reported in months postexposure, we assumed that values of time since infection were reported as time since first dose [4,5,[26][27][28][29][30].…”

Section: Standardization Of Experimental Data Across Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A meta-analysis of the effect of dose and age at exposure on shedding ofMycobacterium aviumsubspeciesparatuberculosis(MAP) in experimentally infected calves and cows

et al. 2011

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SUMMARYA meta-analysis was performed using all published and one unpublished long-term infection-challenge experiments to quantify the age- and dose-dependence of early and late shedding of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) in cattle. There were 194 animals from 17 studies that fulfilled the inclusion criteria, of which 173 received a known dose of MAP and 21 were exposed naturally. Results from parametric time-to-event models indicated that challenging older calves or using multiple-exposure experimental systems resulted in a smaller proportion and shorter duration of early shedding as well as slower transition to late shedding from latent compartments. Calves exposed naturally showed variable infection progression rates, not dissimilar to other infection routes. The log-normal distribution was most appropriate for modelling infection-progression events. The infection pattern revealed by the modelling allowed better understanding of low-grade endemicity of MAP in cattle, and the parameter estimates are the basis for future transmission dynamics modelling.

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Section: Standardization Of Experimental Data Across Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A meta-analysis of the effect of dose and age at exposure on shedding ofMycobacterium aviumsubspeciesparatuberculosis(MAP) in experimentally infected calves and cows

et al. 2011

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“…Subcultures were made to confirm typical MAP colony morphology on Herrold's egg yolk medium supplemented with sodium pyruvate, with and without mycobactin to test for mycobactin dependency. [20][21][22][23][24] PCR was used to confirm the presence of the IS900 insertion element. Acid-fastness of isolates was confirmed microscopically by Ziehl-Neelsen staining.…”

Section: Mycobacterial Culturementioning

confidence: 99%

Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in children with early-onset Crohnʼs disease

Kirkwood

Wagner

Boniface

et al. 2009

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

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“…paratuberculosis in the inocula, while a few studies demonstrated more effective results with clinical isolates of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis (21,23). Establishing a reproducible and effective challenge model for cattle, with welldefined host immune responses, is key to the interpretation of future work evaluating vaccines or therapeutics.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Immune Markers Associated withMycobacterium aviumsubsp.paratuberculosisInfection in a Neonatal Calf Model

Stabel

Robbe‐Austerman

2011

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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The objective of this study was to observe early markers of cell-mediated immunity in naïve calves infected with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and how expression of these markers evolved over the 12-month period of infection. Groups for experimental infection included control (noninfected), oral (infected orally with M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis strain K-10), oral/DXM (pretreatment with dexamethasone before oral inoculation), intraperitoneal (i.p.) inoculation, and oral/M (oral inoculation with mucosal scrapings from a cow with clinical disease) groups. One of the earliest markers to emerge was antigen-specific gamma interferon (IFN-␥). Only i.p. inoculated calves had detectable antigen-specific IFN-␥ responses at 7 days, with responses of the other infection groups becoming detectable at 90 and 120 days. All infection groups maintained robust IFN-␥ responses for the remainder of the study. At 1 month, calves in the oral and oral/M groups had higher antigen-stimulated interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels than calves in the other treatment groups, but IL-10 secretion declined by 12 months for all calves. T-cell activation markers such as CD25, CD26, CD45RO, and CD5 were significantly upregulated in infected calves compared to noninfected controls. Oral inoculation of calves resulted in significantly increased antigen-specific lymphocyte proliferation at 9 and 12 months, as well as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) secretion at 6 and 12 months. These results demonstrate that infection of naïve calves with M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis invoked early immunologic responses characterized by robust antigen-specific IFN-␥ responses and induction of CD25 and CD45RO expression on T-cell subsets. These were followed by antigen-specific lymphocyte proliferation, iNOS secretion, and expression of CD26 and CD5 bright markers in the latter part of the 12-month study.Deciphering host immune responses upon exposure to Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, differentiating the responses due to exposure from true infection, and then further characterizing responses at different stages of infection have been daunting and complex tasks that remain elusive. Early measures of host immune responses to infection with mycobacteria, including M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis, have been dominated by a strong bias toward Th1-mediated gamma interferon (IFN-␥) production. Higher levels of antigen-specific IFN-␥ secreted by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) have been reported for animals in the early stages of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection, whether it be natural or experimental infection (11,18,22,24). Since IFN-␥ is a key effector cytokine involved in the activation of T cells and macrophages, maturation of dendritic cells, upregulation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and II molecules, and production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species by macrophages, it is purported to be not only an immune response variable but also a correlate of immune protection (7,16). However, it is u...

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A long-term bacteriological and immunological study in Holstein-Friesian cattle experimentally infected with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and necropsy culture results for Holstein-Friesian cattle, Merino sheep and Angora goats

Cited by 43 publications

References 27 publications

A meta-analysis of the effect of dose and age at exposure on shedding ofMycobacterium aviumsubspeciesparatuberculosis(MAP) in experimentally infected calves and cows

A meta-analysis of the effect of dose and age at exposure on shedding ofMycobacterium aviumsubspeciesparatuberculosis(MAP) in experimentally infected calves and cows

Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in children with early-onset Crohnʼs disease

Early Immune Markers Associated withMycobacterium aviumsubsp.paratuberculosisInfection in a Neonatal Calf Model

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