A long‐run analysis of push and pull factors of internal migration in Italy. Estimation of a gravity model with human capital using homogeneous and heterogeneous approaches

Abstract

We estimate a gravity model of internal migration with human capital across Italian regions during the 1970-2005 time period. The estimates confirm that the macroeconomic variables are the main drivers of migration flows. As for human capital, while at destination it has had no role, at origin it has worked as a restraining factor. Such a restraining role has mainly worked in the Centre-North to South direction. We interpret this result in terms of agglomeration economies that makes the Centre-North as the core and the South as the periphery of Italy. We have framed our analysis inside a cointegration setup and applied both homogeneous and heterogeneous estimators, proving that heterogeneous estimators are more appropriate

Spatial Interaction Modeling of OD Flow Data: Comparing Geographically Weighted Negative Binomial Regression (GWNBR) and OLS (GWOLSR)

“…In this case, the dependent variable has been transformed from an integer to a real variable. In most cases, across disciplines, the transformed variable follows a normal distribution so OLS regression is used for calibration [43][44][45]. However, traffic flow is considered a counting variable, where the data follows a Poisson distribution.…”

Türki̇ye’de Kamu Harcamalari Ve Vergi̇leri̇n İç Göç Üzeri̇ndeki̇ Etki̇leri̇

“…Bu çalışmaların bir kısmı göç kararını sadece ekonomik faktörler; diğer kısmı ise ekonomik olmayan, başka bir ifadeyle bireylerin yaşam kalitesini etkileyen faktörler açısından incelemiştir (Greenwood, 1975;Celuba, 1978;Clark ve Hunter, 1992;Gale ve Heath, 2000). Bazı çalışmalarda ise ekonomik refah ile ilgili faktörler (Leisure ve Lewis, 1977;Liang ve White, 1996;Piras, 2015), göçmenlerin kişisel özellikleri ile politik ve mali değişkenler (Liu ve Shen, 2014) Ampirik literatürde, göç ve genel anlamda beşeri sermaye özelde ise eğitim arasındaki ilişki de yoğun bir biçimde incelenmiştir. İtalya özelinde yapılan bir çalışmada, bölgesel göç oranının yükseköğrenim kazanımları ile arttığı bulgusuna ulaşılmıştır (Etzo, 2008).…”

Macroeconomic Determinants of Internal Migration to West Sumatra

“…When per capita GDP is introduced into the migration equation, the average skill level must be controlled [4]. According to Mayda [15], a higher per capita GDP at destination does not necessarily mean that a migrant would receive that.…”

“…So that, West Sumatra can also reap the demographic dividend period, the moments when the dependency ratio reaches the lowest point that had a positive impact on economic growth [3]. One of the things that can be doing is to see the attractiveness of West Sumatra, because if a region is highly attractive then it not only attracts individuals from other regions to come but also holds individuals in the area moving towards other regions [4].…”