A long-pulse 300 keV electron gun with a plasma cathode for high-pressure gas lasers

Gielkens, S.W.A.; Peters, Peter J.; Witteman, W.J.; Borovikov, P. V.; Stepanov, А. V.; Tskhai, V. N.; Zavjalov, M. A.; Gushenets, V. I.; Koval, N. N.

doi:10.1063/1.1147195

Cited by 43 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The main characteristics of the accelerator and principle of its operation are described elsewhere (Gielkens et al, 1996;Schanin et al, 2000). Schematic diagram of the accelerator is shown in Figure 3.…”

Section: Av Kozyrev Et Al 186mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconstruction of electron beam energy spectra for vacuum and gas diodes

et al. 2015

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In this paper, the spectra of electron beams produced in vacuum and gas diodes were analyzed to study the capabilities and limitations of their reconstruction from beam attenuation in foils of different thickness. The electron energy distributions were calculated using the Tikhonov regularization for Fredholm integral equations on minimum a priori assumptions. The spectra reconstructed in the study were those of electron beams, including a supershort avalanche electron beam, produced in experiments on a DUET plasma-cathode electron accelerator and SLEP-150M accelerator.

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Section: Av Kozyrev Et Al 186mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconstruction of electron beam energy spectra for vacuum and gas diodes

et al. 2015

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“…The electron gun is based on a plasma cathode and is described elsewhere [10]. The -beam current density after 0018-9197/98$10.00 © 1998 IEEE passing the 15-m-thick Ti foil was varied between 0.25 and 0.9 A/cm .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The optimization of the multi-atmospheric Ar-Xe laser

Gielkens

Witteman

Tskhai

et al. 1998

IEEE J. Quantum Electron.

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The quasi-steady-state conditions of the multiatmospheric e-beam sustained Ar-Xe laser are investigated. It is observed that the duration of the stationary period depends on the e-beam current, discharge power deposition, and gas pressure. The laser efficiency can be as high as 8%. Beyond the stationary period the efficiency drops. The pulse energy with optimum efficiency depends strongly on the gas pressure. The maximum discharge efficiency of 5%-6% is at high pressure not sensitive to the input power. The best results are obtained for 4 bar with a discharge input power of 8 MW/`. The pulse duration with corresponding output energies is 12 s with 10 J/`and 16 s with 16 J/`for e-beam currents of 0.4 and 0.9 A/cm 2 ; respectively. An analysis of the quasi-steady-state conditions that include the effects of electron collision mixing and atomic quenching is presented. The effects of output power saturation by the fractional ionization and atomic collisions are in agreement with the observations. The analysis clarifies the optimum performance conditions.

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“…Another method of improving the current density distribution is changing the slope angle of the cathode assembly relative to the axis of the hollow anode [11,18,22] (see Fig. A method of improving the distribution is based on the dependence of electron emission current from a single hole on the ratio of the grid mesh size to the width of the anode sheath.…”

Section: Plasma Cathode Accelerators and Electron Sources With Microsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In single-pulse mode, the accelerator generated a beam with a current of up to 1000, 400, and 200 A for pulse durations of A description of an electron accelerator is given in [11,22] for which the pulse duration was determined not by the time of ignition and operation of the discharge but by the duration of the accelerating voltage pulse. The electron beam was extracted into a laser cell through 30 lm thick aluminum-beryllium foil.…”

Section: 8)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Generation of Large‐Cross‐Section Beams in Plasma‐Cathode Systems

Окс

2006

Plasma Cathode Electron Sources

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Large-cross-section electron beams (LCSEBs) are attractive for applications involving large plane objects or bulk media [1]. They have found use in radiation technologies, in surface modification of structural materials, in pumping the active media of gas lasers, and in other fields. In plasma-cathode sources, the production of beams of this type is accomplished by the extraction of electrons from the surface of volumetric plasma. For the production of LCSEBs, plasma cathodes have an extra advantage over hot cathodes, in that it is much easier to form homogeneous bulk plasma than it is to form a uniformly heated, large, hot-cathode emission surface [2].In electron sources that produce large-cross-section beams, as a rule the emission surface is comparable to the beam in dimensions. Thus voltage division in the region of beam formation and acceleration is impeded, and the acceleration gap is conventionally represented by a diode system with the high-voltage electrodes having a greater surface area. Because of the reduced electric field strength of acceleration gaps with developed electrode surfaces, the upper limit of electron energies is usually not above 250-300 kV. The wide range of possible ways of forming dense, large-volume, homogeneous plasmas makes the creation of plasma-cathode sources of large-cross-section beams rather simple. Beams of this type can be square in cross-section, or radially convergent or divergent. The beam cross-sectional area is dictated by the dimensions of the required region to be exposed to the beam, and it may range from 10 to 10 5 cm 2 . Let us consider some examples of plasma sources of large-cross-section electron beams. Electron Sources with High Pulsed Energy DensityA high-voltage plasma-cathode electron source (see Fig. 4.1) [3] was developed to determine the maximum parameters of devices of this type, and was also used in experiments on surface modification of various materials by an electron beam with high pulsed beam energy. In a vacuum chamber 1, made of stainless steel, on polyethylene bushing insulator 2, is mounted a plasma electron emitter 3. Plasma is generated by a constricted arc [4] or a cascade mode of arc [5,6]. The discharge is 95Plasma Cathode Electron Sources. Efim Oks powered by an LC pulse-forming network line (PFN) whose parameters determine the cathode (discharge) current I d and the pulse duration s d . Usually I d = 10-1000 A and s d = 10 -2 -10 -5 s. Electrons are extracted from the plasma through an emission hole of diameter d e = 60 mm which is covered with a fine stainless-steel grid with mesh size 0.5´0.5 mm. A DC accelerating voltage U acc (up to 200 kV) is applied between the hollow anode 5 and the vacuum chamber. During operation of the electron source, the pressure in the hollow anode, which is determined by the flow rate of the plasma-generating gas (argon), was maintained in the range 0.01-0.1 Pa, whereas in the acceleration gap and in the beam drift space the pressure was lower by about an order of magnitude.

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A long-pulse 300 keV electron gun with a plasma cathode for high-pressure gas lasers

Cited by 43 publications

References 3 publications

Reconstruction of electron beam energy spectra for vacuum and gas diodes

Reconstruction of electron beam energy spectra for vacuum and gas diodes

The optimization of the multi-atmospheric Ar-Xe laser

Generation of Large‐Cross‐Section Beams in Plasma‐Cathode Systems

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