A Logic Model for Evaluation and Planning in an Adult Day Care for Disabled Japanese Old People

Abstract

Adult day care (ADC) provides various services for meeting clients’ needs. Based on the mini-Delphi method with 46 ADC staff and the discussions with eight ADC administrators, this study developed and finalized a comprehensive logic model to represent the elements of ADC. For the three basic structures of a logic model—inputs/activities, outputs, and outcomes—the model contained seven core categories and 23 sub-categories. The ADC inputs/activities consisted of two core categories: “Place to stay” and “Intervention from staff”. These inputs/activities caused two kinds of outputs: “Clients’ experiences” and “Families’ experiences”. “Accumulating experiences” with repeated ADC visits was established as the link between the ADC outputs and outcomes, which were “Clients’ change” and “Families’ change”. ADC centers provide various experiences for their clients and their caregivers, ranging from the fulfillment of needs for fundamental care to psychiatric care and self-actualization. Improving various model-related inputs/interventions can produce better experiences and outcomes. The model can guide ADC administrators, policymakers, and researchers in the evaluation of a heterogeneous ADC service program that is community-based, thereby ensuring optimal care for clients with an efficient use of resources.

Prevalence and Associated Factors of Malnutrition and Sarcopenia in a Daycare Facility: A Cross-Sectional Study

“…These services are heterogeneous and range from daily activities, such as meal and snack provision and bathing, to interventional activities, such as exercising, games, hobbies and rehabilitation. About 12% of the aged population in Japan used one or more LTC service in April 2018 [ 52 ]. National LTC insurance covers LTC services and people who are not fully independent (over 97% of those reported in the study were 65 years or over) can use the LTC services under this insurance fee coverage [ 40 ].…”

“…National LTC insurance covers LTC services and people who are not fully independent (over 97% of those reported in the study were 65 years or over) can use the LTC services under this insurance fee coverage [ 40 ]. In 2020, the number of daycare service clients was 1.13 million and daycare was the most popular service among the population using LTC services [ 52 ]. One international review demonstrated that daycare service providers had the following general aims: (i) providing social and preventive services, (ii) supporting clients’ continued independence and (iii) supporting attendees’ health and daily living needs [ 31 ].…”

Measurement Development for Japanese Clients’ Experiences during Adult Day Care Service Use (The J-AdaCa Tool)

“…The ADC logic model [ 13 ] has 10 subcategories for clients’ experiences (8 separate ones, and 2 for clients and their family members) regarding ADC service use. Relying on the ADC logic model, the first author read the raw data of previous research in which the model was developed.…”

“…At the beginning of the CRAQ, the logic model of ADC service use was described ( Figure A1 ) [ 13 ]; it was a systematic chart with service input/activity elements and clients’ outcomes. The inputs had two aspects: place and intervention.…”

“…Based on the ADC logic model [ 13 ], the improvement of clients’/families’ experiences could improve service use outcomes. Correlatively, information on clients’/families’ richness of experiences during ADC service use can help identify areas in need of improvement (e.g., whether or not there should be efforts to increase opportunities for clients to exercise).…”