A logic approach to decision taking in a railway interlocking system using Maple

Roanes–Lozano, Eugenio; Hernando, A.; Alonso, José Antonio; Laita, Luis M.

doi:10.1016/j.matcom.2010.05.024

Cited by 21 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…There is a number of literature articles [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] searching for a formal method to describe an interlocking. In those articles authors are making many assumptions trying to simplify railway infrastructure and train operations processes.…”

Section: Formal Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Railway interlocking process - Building a base for formal methods

Mocki

Vlacic

2013

2013 IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Rail Transportation Proceedings

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Railway interlocking is designed to prevent trains from colliding. Generally speaking current systems are safe due to the processes that signalling systems have to follow as well as implementation procedures that interlockings are compliant with. Even the processes and procedures are very advanced; there are still train crashes that are triggered by interlocking faults. However, the interlocking faults are mainly related to poor maintenance of the systems or/and changes to the original designs without correct authorisation. While those areas are worth exploring to search some improvements it is also important that interlocking will progress its development toward intelligent transport system reinforcing maintenance functions. Rail signalling systems went toward eliminating human factor by introducing machine based decision making on whether to proceed or stop. Development of electrical and electronic systems found interlocking moving toward relay solutions that became very common and are still used on railways. Finally computer based interlocking was introduced and successfully implemented in 90's.Interlocking logic of those solutions has not been formalised so that it can be progressed toward intelligent transport systems. Interlocking functions are limited to ensure train operations are safe. Maintenance functions (e.g. fault prediction) or functions to enhance passengers' management are currently not implemented in rail interlockings. This paper elaborates on currently implemented rail interlockings, compares various technologies implemented in those interlockings and proposes a base for consistent development of formal interlocking methods.

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Section: Formal Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Railway interlocking process - Building a base for formal methods

Mocki

Vlacic

2013

2013 IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Rail Transportation Proceedings

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“…However, this model is much faster than [24], since the Groebner basis of this model (unlike the model [24]) is calculated on Boolean polynomials. This model is also faster than the previous one [28]. Nevertheless, this approach depends on the position of the trains and the performing time for calculations strongly depends on the number of trains.…”

Section: Somementioning

confidence: 98%

“…Model Based on Boolean Propositional Logic. In [28], the problem is directly translated into many SAT problems which can be solved using an algorithm based on the DPLL technique [29]. Indeed, the safety of a railway network may be detected by solving SAT problems where is the number of sections of the railway network.…”

Section: Somementioning

confidence: 99%

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A New Algebraic Approach to Decision Making in a Railway Interlocking System Based on Preprocess

Hernando

Maestre

Roanes–Lozano

2018

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

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The safety of railway networks is a very important issue. Roughly speaking, it can be split into safety along lines and safety of railway facilities such as stations, junctions, yards, etc. In modern networks the safety along lines is controlled by automatic block systems that do not give clearance to trains to enter a section (block) until the latter is detected to be unoccupied. Meanwhile, the safety within railway facilities is supervised by railway interlocking systems. Decision making in a railway interlocking is a very important issue which is considered to be very labour-intensive. Decision-making in both automatic block systems and railway interlocking systems, unlike road traffic light systems, is not based on time (they are not scheduling problems) but in space. Basically, two different trains should never be allowed to access the same section (whatever time has passed). There are many different approaches to automate decision-making in railway interlocking systems. The classic approaches are offline: only certain routes are allowed and their compatibility is decided in advance. Meanwhile, modern approaches make decisions in real time and are independent from the topology of the railway network, but can be applied only to small or medium size railway networks. Nevertheless, these last approaches have the following drawbacks: the performances are very dependent on the number of trains in the railway network; and are unsuitable to large networks since they take long time to be run. On the other hand, algebraic approaches based on computer algebra concepts have been used in artificial intelligence for implementing expert systems. In this paper we present a completely new algebraic model, based on these concepts of computer algebra that overcomes these drawbacks: the performance of our approach is independent of the number of trains in the railway network and also is suitable for large railway networks.

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“…Studies performed earlier considered the system as a whole rather than focusing on the points, which is one of the most important building blocks of railroad systems [12][13][14]. This study, however, dwells on the automation and control of the points.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specification and formal verification of safety properties in a point automation system

Şener¹,

Kaymakçı²,

Üstoğlu³

et al. 2016

Turk J Elec Eng & Comp Sci

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Railroad transportation systems are an area that poses the threat of causing huge risk for both the environment and people if an error emerges during operation. For this reason, designing and developing relevant products in this area is challenging. What is more, methods to be utilized for the purposes of minimizing risk susceptibility are to be specified by international standards. While relevant standards strongly recommend that some methods be utilized based on the desired safety integrity level during the development phase, some methods are not recommended to be utilized. CENELEC 50128 strongly recommends the utilization of timed-arc Petri nets during system modeling and the utilization of formal proof methods during the verification and test phases of the command and control structure developed. In this study, a control structure related to the safety of the point automation system, which has a critical significance for tram lines, was designed through timed-arc Petri nets by taking the relevant standard as the reference. The verification was performed through computational tree logic, which is one of the formal proof methods. The timed-arc Petri nets model has been used for the first time in this area in this study. Within this context, the structure was developed by taking the point automation system at the 50. Yıl Station on the T4 Topkapı-Habibler line, operated byİstanbul Ulaşım A.Ş., as the reference. Moreover, safety requirements for the automation of the points were identified and denoted mathematically while their safety functions were designed.

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A logic approach to decision taking in a railway interlocking system using Maple

Cited by 21 publications

References 7 publications

Railway interlocking process - Building a base for formal methods

Railway interlocking process - Building a base for formal methods

A New Algebraic Approach to Decision Making in a Railway Interlocking System Based on Preprocess

Specification and formal verification of safety properties in a point automation system

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