A location aware three-step vertical handoff scheme for 4G/B3G networks

Connectivity Support in Heterogeneous Wireless Networks

“…• Location-based VHO algorithms estimate network QoS levels on the basis of the MN's location relatively to the serving access point (Kibria et al, 2005); ; (Inzerilli et al, 2010). The above-mentioned VHO algorithms are analyzed here in the following.…”

“…Moreover, the estimation of MN's position can drive the initiation of a reactive handover mechanism. Information about MN's position can be determined in several ways (Kibria et al, 2005), including Time of Arrival, Direction of Arrival, RSS, as well as A-GPS (Assisted Global Positioning System) techniques. Notice that in general each time a vertical handover is initiated the traffic overhead increases.…”

Seamless Connectivity Techniques in Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks

“…Examples of location-based VHO are discussed in (Wang et al 2001), though the proposed technique shows a computational complexity of the handover decision that is rather high, and establishing and updating a lookup table to support a handover margin decision turns out to be time-consuming. In (Kibria et al, 2005) the authors develop a predictive framework based on the assumption that the random nature of user mobility implies an uncertainty on his/her future location, increasing with the extension of the prediction interval. Location-based VHO solutions are the most commonly-used techniques in the VANET context, where high-mobility of nodes makes it difficult to promptly react to performance degradation purely basing on RSS measurements.…”

“…In location-based VHO solutions, the knowledge of location information is exploited to assess the quality of the link between SN and the MT, and to predict its future evolution to some extent on the basis of the MT estimated path. User position can be determined in several ways (Kibria et al, 2005), including Time of Arrival, Direction of Arrival, RSS, and assisted GPS (Global Positioning System) techniques. Examples of location-based VHO are discussed in (Wang et al 2001), though the proposed technique shows a computational complexity of the handover decision that is rather high, and establishing and updating a lookup table to support a handover margin decision turns out to be time-consuming.…”

“…A modulation scheme can sometimes adapt transmission rate a channel coding scheme to measured SINR (Yang et al, 2007); (Vegni et al, 2009); • Multi-parameter QoS-based VHO algorithms: VHO algorithms can be based on the overall quality assessment for the available networks obtained balancing various parameters (Vegni et al, 2007); (Jesus et al, 2007); • Location-based VHO algorithms: they estimate network QoS on the basis of the MT location relatively to the serving access point (Kibria et al, 2005); (Wang et al 2001); (Kim et al, 2007). In an RSS-based VHO approach, when the measured RSS of the SN drops below a predefined threshold, the RSS of the monitored set of CNs is evaluated in order to select the best network to migrate to.…”