A localized double-quantum filter for in vivo detection of taurine

Lei, Hao; Peeling, James

doi:10.1002/(sici)1522-2594(199909)42:3<454::aid-mrm7>3.0.co;2-g

Cited by 23 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…It refocused the effects of the chemical shifts and the inhomogeneous B 0 ‐field. Potential loss of the unrefocused chemical shift has been discussed in several articles (10, 12). Methods including using the shortest possible TM (10) or adding an additional 180° pulse in the middle of the TM (9) have been proposed to minimize this signal loss.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New double quantum coherence filter for localized detection of glutathione in vivo

Zhao

Heberlein

Jonas

et al. 2006

Magnetic Resonance in Med

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In this work, a new double quantum filter for glutathione (GSH) editing is introduced, combined with the point-resolved spectroscopy localization sequence (PRESS), and demonstrated in vivo. Compared to the conventional double quantum coherence filter, the new filter has two major advantages. First, it eliminates the need for calibration scans for optimizing the signal yield, making it more efficient and convenient for routine use. Second, it removes the influence of water saturation pulses on the GSH yield, further improving its accuracy. With this method, GSH concentrations in the left and right parietal lobes of five healthy volunteers were determined to be 0. 91 Glutathione (GSH) is a major antioxidant and plays a significant role in detoxification of reactive oxygen species. GSH in normal human brain (from 0.8 to 3.1 mM) is difficult to measure in vivo using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) due to the severe overlapping of GSH resonances with more intense peaks from other metabolites, such as creatine (Cr). Recently, several methods have been introduced for determining GSH levels in the human brain. LCModel analyses of short echo time spectra have been successfully used to determine GSH levels in human brains (1,2) but require high-quality spectra and a reliable set of base spectra to minimize the fitting errors.In contrast, editing methods provide a more unambiguous measure of GSH by eliminating overlapping singlet resonances. GSH editing by means of J-difference spectroscopy (3) or multiple quantum filters (4 -6) has been reported. Both approaches target the cysteinyl moiety of GSH by exploiting the strongly coupled CH 2 protons at 2.95 ppm, which are J-coupled to the methine group at 4.56 ppm (7). J-difference spectroscopy has a relatively high efficiency because it retains virtually all detectable GSH signals and offers the ease of determining the frequency and phase in the edited spectra based on simultaneously detected singlet resonances. However, J-difference spectra are susceptible to subtraction errors due to patient motion and other instrumental instabilities (8). This problem becomes more severe when the desired metabolite resonance peak is entirely buried under other dominant singlets, such as with the case for GSH editing due to overlapping between GSH and creatine resonances. In contrast, multiple quantum filtering (DQF) overcomes this difficulty due to subtraction by detecting a portion (25ϳ50%) of the available NMR signal from the J-coupled metabolites (8) while ignoring singlet signals in a single acquisition.There are two practical limitations for the existing DQF approaches for GSH in in vivo editing. The first is that extra scans are required to achieve maximal editing yield. Since slice selective pulses in the sequence induce phase increments, the phase of the double quantum excitation pulse has to been set correctly to eliminate this phase accumulation and maximize the signal-to-noise ratio by additional phase calibration scans (6,9,10). The second is the influence of wate...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New double quantum coherence filter for localized detection of glutathione in vivo

Zhao

Heberlein

Jonas

et al. 2006

Magnetic Resonance in Med

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“…, stroke, encephalopathy) [69, 70]. Finally, Taurine (Tau) : Tau is associated with two sets of spectral peaks at 3.25 ppm and 3.42 ppm [71, 72]. This highly abundant organic acid activates GABA functions and has a role in neuronal protection and cerebral volume regulation [73, 74].…”

Section: Technical Remarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in High-Field Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Alzheimer’s Disease

Zhang¹,

Song²,

Bartha³

et al. 2014

CAR

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) affects several important molecules in brain metabolism. The resulting neurochemical changes can be quantified non-invasively in localized brain regions using in vivo single-voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (SV 1H MRS). Although the often heralded diagnostic potential of MRS in AD largely remains unfulfilled, more recent use of high magnetic fields has led to significantly improved signal-to-noise ratios and spectral resolutions, thereby allowing clinical applications with increased measurement reliability. The present article provides a comprehensive review of SV 1H MRS studies on AD at high magnetic fields (3.0 Tesla and above). This review suggests that patterned regional differences and longitudinal alterations in several neurometabolites are associated with clinically established AD. Changes in multiple metabolites are identifiable even at early stages of AD development. By combining information of neurochemicals in different brain regions revealing either pathological or compensatory changes, high field MRS can be evaluated in AD diagnosis and in the detection of treatment effects. To achieve this, standardization of data acquisition and analytical approaches is needed.

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“…A range of spectral editing techniques using various MR properties has been proposed in an attempt to select low concentration metabolites with J‐coupled spins such as γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) (1–12), glutathione (GSH) (13–16), alanine (17), lactate (12, 18), β‐hydroxybutyrate (12), and taurine (19). Essentially all previously proposed editing techniques are based on pulse‐interrupted free‐precession of J‐coupling interactions to differentiate the signal of interest (SOI) from overlapping resonances.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, the two‐step J‐editing techniques utilize Hahn spin‐echo subtraction (1–5, 12, 17). The multiple quantum (MQ) coherence transfer method utilizes coherence transfer between different spin quantum states as well as gradient filtering (6, 8–10, 13–15, 18–21). Many editing methods suffer sizable sensitivity loss during the editing process because of the conflicting needs of preserving the thermal equilibrium SOI and simultaneously suppressing the overlapping signals.…”

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confidence: 99%

Contractile activity of skeletal musculature involved in breathing is essential for normal lung cell differentiation, as revealed in Myf5−/−:MyoD−/− embryos

Inanlou

Kablar

2005

Developmental Dynamics

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In the current study, the role of contractile activity of respiratory muscles in fetal lung growth and cell differentiation was examined using Myf5؊/؊:MyoD؊/؊ mouse embryos. As previously found, Myf5؊/؊:MyoD؊/؊ mouse embryos had no respiratory musculature. Consequently, they suffered from pulmonary hypoplasia and died shortly after birth. The hypoplastic lung had decreased proliferation and increased apoptotic index as early as embryonic day 14.5. By contrast, only at the last gestational day, the number of lung cells expressing platelet derived growth factor B and insulin growth factor I was decreased, while the gradient of the thyroid transcription factor 1 was not maintained. Type II pneumocytes had a failure in glycogen utilization and surfactant storage and secretion but were able to synthesize the surfactant-associated proteins. Type I pneumocytes were readily detectable using an early differentiation marker (i.e., Gp38). However, the late differentiation of type I pneumocytes never occurred, as revealed by transmission electron microscopy. Together, our findings suggest that pulmonary distension due to fetal breathing-like movements plays an important role not only in lung growth but also in lung cell differentiation. Developmental Dynamics 233:772-782, 2005.

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A localized double-quantum filter for in vivo detection of taurine

Cited by 23 publications

References 37 publications

New double quantum coherence filter for localized detection of glutathione in vivo

New double quantum coherence filter for localized detection of glutathione in vivo

Advances in High-Field Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Alzheimer’s Disease

Contractile activity of skeletal musculature involved in breathing is essential for normal lung cell differentiation, as revealed in Myf5−/−:MyoD−/− embryos

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