A Local Maximum in Gibberellin Levels Regulates Maize Leaf Growth by Spatial Control of Cell Division

Nelissen, Hilde; Rymen, Bart; Jikumaru, Yusuke; Demuynck, Kirin; Lijsebettens, Mieke Van; Kamiya, Yûji; Inzé, Dirk; Beemster, Gerrit T.S.

doi:10.1016/j.cub.2012.04.065

Cited by 201 publications

(139 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The same holds true for growth rate, which is a function of cell elongation rate and the number of growing cells. Perturbation of the gibberellin (GA) phytohormone pathway in maize results in altered leaf length in maize [64]. Overexpression of AtGA20-oxidase1 in maize results in an enlarged division zone and increased leaf growth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Daily Changes in Temperature, Not the Circadian Clock, Regulate Growth Rate in Brachypodium distachyon

et al. 2014

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Plant growth is commonly regulated by external cues such as light, temperature, water availability, and internal cues generated by the circadian clock. Changes in the rate of growth within the course of a day have been observed in the leaves, stems, and roots of numerous species. However, the relative impact of the circadian clock on the growth of grasses has not been thoroughly characterized. We examined the influence of diurnal temperature and light changes, and that of the circadian clock on leaf length growth patterns in Brachypodium distachyon using high-resolution time-lapse imaging. Pronounced changes in growth rate were observed under combined photocyles and thermocycles or with thermocycles alone. A considerably more rapid growth rate was observed at 28°C than 12°C, irrespective of the presence or absence of light. In spite of clear circadian clock regulated gene expression, plants exhibited no change in growth rate under conditions of constant light and temperature, and little or no effect under photocycles alone. Therefore, temperature appears to be the primary cue influencing observed oscillations in growth rate and not the circadian clock or photoreceptor activity. Furthermore, the size of the leaf meristem and final cell length did not change in response to changes in temperature. Therefore, the nearly five-fold difference in growth rate observed across thermocycles can be attributed to proportionate changes in the rate of cell division and expansion. A better understanding of the growth cues in B. distachyon will further our ability to model metabolism and biomass accumulation in grasses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Daily Changes in Temperature, Not the Circadian Clock, Regulate Growth Rate in Brachypodium distachyon

et al. 2014

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“…Sufficient details for building simulation models of the transition phase still appear to be lacking in Arabidopsis . However, in the monocotyledonous maize leaf a clearer picture is arising, where a peak in the activity of GA is instrumental in regulating the spatial location of the transition (Nelissen et al, 2012). Possibly models that will be developed for this monocotyledonous system can be adapted to better understand the same process in the Arabidopsis leaf.…”

Section: Processes That Control Leaf Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaf development: a cellular perspective

2014

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Through its photosynthetic capacity the leaf provides the basis for growth of the whole plant. In order to improve crops for higher productivity and resistance for future climate scenarios, it is important to obtain a mechanistic understanding of leaf growth and development and the effect of genetic and environmental factors on the process. Cells are both the basic building blocks of the leaf and the regulatory units that integrate genetic and environmental information into the developmental program. Therefore, to fundamentally understand leaf development, one needs to be able to reconstruct the developmental pathway of individual cells (and their progeny) from the stem cell niche to their final position in the mature leaf. To build the basis for such understanding, we review current knowledge on the spatial and temporal regulation mechanisms operating on cells, contributing to the formation of a leaf. We focus on the molecular networks that control exit from stem cell fate, leaf initiation, polarity, cytoplasmic growth, cell division, endoreduplication, transition between division and expansion, expansion and differentiation and their regulation by intercellular signaling molecules, including plant hormones, sugars, peptides, proteins, and microRNAs. We discuss to what extent the knowledge available in the literature is suitable to be applied in systems biology approaches to model the process of leaf growth, in order to better understand and predict leaf growth starting with the model species Arabidopsis thaliana.

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“…Recent studies have indicated that GA promotes not only cell expansion but also cellular proliferation through the regulation of cell cycle inhibitor genes (Achard et al [2009]). In addition, GA controls the transition from cell proliferation to expansion in maize leaves (Nelissen et al [2012]). Thus, GA can influence cell number during leaf development, and it is possible that PLA functions are required for cell proliferation rather than cell elongation downstream of the GA pathway.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic interaction between rice PLASTOCHRON genes and the gibberellin pathway in leaf development

Mimura

Itoh

2014

Rice

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BackgroundThe rice PLASTOCHRON (PLA) genes PLA1 and PLA2 regulate leaf maturation and the temporal pattern of leaf initiation. Although the function of PLA genes in the leaf initiation process has been analyzed, little is known about how they affect leaf growth. Previously, we suggested that PLA1 and PLA2 function downstream of the gibberellin (GA) signal transduction pathway. In the present study, we examined the phenotype of a double mutant of pla and slender rice 1 (slr1), which is a constitutive GA response mutant. By analyzing these double mutants, we discuss the relationship between PLA-related and GA-dependent pathways and the possible function of PLA genes in leaf growth.FindingsSingle slr1 and pla mutants exhibited elongated and dwarf phenotypes in the vegetative stage, respectively. The stature and leaf size of the pla1/slr1 and pla2/slr1 double mutants were intermediate between those of the pla and slr1 single mutants. However, the effects of slr1 on leaf elongation were markedly suppressed in the pla1 and pla2 mutant backgrounds. On the other hand, the change in cell length in the double mutants was almost the same as that in the single mutants. An expression analysis of genes involved in GA biosynthesis and catabolism indicated that feedback regulation functioned normally in the pla/slr1 double mutants.ConclusionsOur genetic results confirm that PLA genes regulate leaf growth downstream of the GA pathway. Our findings also suggest that PLA1 and PLA2 are partly required for GA-dependent leaf elongation, mainly by affecting cellular proliferation.

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A Local Maximum in Gibberellin Levels Regulates Maize Leaf Growth by Spatial Control of Cell Division

Cited by 201 publications

References 31 publications

Daily Changes in Temperature, Not the Circadian Clock, Regulate Growth Rate in Brachypodium distachyon

Daily Changes in Temperature, Not the Circadian Clock, Regulate Growth Rate in Brachypodium distachyon

Leaf development: a cellular perspective

Genetic interaction between rice PLASTOCHRON genes and the gibberellin pathway in leaf development

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