A Local Capacity Market Providing Local and System-Wide Flexibility Services

Abstract

This work was undertaken as part of the FLEXIMAR project (novel marketplace for energy flexibility) with financial support provided by Business Finland (Grant No. 6988/31/2018) as well as Finnish companies.

A local flexibility market framework for exploiting DERs’ flexibility capabilities by a technical virtual power plant

“…Therefore, inequalities () and () are considered for each $$d \in {{\bf \{ }}E^a{{\bf \} }}$$ and $$t \in {{\bf [}}a_d^{EV},d_d^{EV})$$. Moreover, inequality (24) guaranties that SoC of the EV batteries is at least equal to the EV owners’ required SoC at the departure time. $$$$\begin{equation} \def\eqcellsep{&}\begin{array}{l} SoC_{a,d}^{REQ\_DER}\, \le \,SoCE_{a,d,t}^{DER} - \displaystyle\sum_{\tau \in {{\textit{\c{T}}}}} {UF_{a,d,t,\tau ,u}^{DER}} .\delta \tau : \quad {\vartheta } _{\tilde{} a,d,t,u}^{DER},\\[14pt] \quad \quad \quad \,\,\forall a \in A,d \in E^a,t = d_e^{EV} - 1,u \in U^a\, \end{array} .\end{equation}$$$$…”

“…Therefore, inequalities (19) ). Moreover, inequality (24) guaranties that SoC of the EV batteries is at least equal to the EV owners' required SoC at the departure time.…”

“…Exploiting the EVs' UF and DF capabilities, constraints ( 17)- (20) are considered for the virtual battery at each bus. Moreover, inequality (24) is addressed for each time interval, in which the virtual battery's required SoC is considered as the sum of the associated EVs' required SoC at each time.…”

“…The flexibility provider directly manages battery storages and applies a bilevel model to address the reserve and flexibility market clearing procedures. Moreover, reference [24] proposed a local flexible capacity market providing frequency containment reserves for the TSO and active power support for the DSO. In this reference, the system operators bid as buyers and prosumers offer as sellers and the market is cleared to maximize social welfare while considering the power distribution network operational constraints.…”

“…In the mentioned references, local market for trading and coordinating flexibility provision in the distribution network is not considered. References [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] addressed local markets in their frameworks for trading flexibility. Reference [16] proposed an LFM clearing mechanism considering network constraints.…”