A living fossil fig wasp (Hymenoptera, Agaoninae) developing in extant Neotropical fig species (Moraceae: Ficus, section Pharmacosycea)

Ramírez-Benavides, William

doi:10.15517/rbt.v64i4.20808

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…There is morphological and molecular evidence for the existence of successful natural hybridization and introgression among closely‐related fig species within specific fig sections (e.g., Berg, 1989; Jackson et al, 2008; Machado et al, 2005; Wilde et al, 2020). This appears to be the case even among distantly‐related fig species across distinct subgenera (Compton, 1990; Ramírez, 1994; Wang, Zhang, et al, 2021). In contrast to their fig hosts, however, the few studies conducted to date using microsatellites or even deeper genomic tools find little or no evidence of hybridization or successful introgression between co‐occurring pollinator wasp species (Molbo et al, 2003, 2004; Satler et al, 2022; Sutton et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollinator and host sharing lead to hybridization and introgression in Panamanian free‐standing figs, but not in their pollinator wasps

Satler

Herre

Heath

et al. 2023

Ecology and Evolution

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Obligate pollination mutualisms, in which plant and pollinator lineages depend on each other for reproduction, often exhibit high levels of species specificity. However, cases in which two or more pollinator species share a single host species (host sharing), or two or more host species share a single pollinator species (pollinator sharing), are known to occur in current ecological time. Further, evidence for host switching in evolutionary time is increasingly being recognized in these systems. The degree to which departures from strict specificity differentially affect the potential for hybridization and introgression in the associated host or pollinator is unclear. We addressed this question using genome-wide sequence data from five sympatric Panamanian free-standing fig species (Ficus subgenus Pharmacosycea, section Pharmacosycea) and their six associated fig-pollinator wasp species (Tetrapus). Two of the five fig species,F. glabrata and F. maxima, were found to regularly share pollinators. In these species, ongoing hybridization was demonstrated by the detection of several first-generation (F1) hybrid individuals, and historical introgression was indicated by phylogenetic network analysis. By contrast, although two of the pollinator species regularly share hosts, all six species were genetically distinct and deeply divergent, with no evidence for either hybridization or introgression. This pattern is consistent with results from other obligate pollination mutualisms, suggesting that, in contrast to their host plants, pollinators appear to be reproductively isolated, even when different species of pollinators mate in shared hosts.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollinator and host sharing lead to hybridization and introgression in Panamanian free‐standing figs, but not in their pollinator wasps

Satler

Herre

Heath

et al. 2023

Ecology and Evolution

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“…Examples of heterospecific visitation between allopatric figs grown together due to human introduction ( Bernard et al, 2020 ; Ghana et al, 2015a ; b ; Ramírez, 1994 ; Ramírez & Montero, 1988 ; Ware & Compton, 1992 ) underscore the importance of geographic isolation. In such cases, the absence of wasps associated with the introduced figs may facilitate heterospecific visitation of local wasps due to reduced competition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies have documented that both artificial and natural hybridizations with intra-subgenus figs can produce hybrid seeds capable of germination (e.g., Moe & Weiblen, 2012 ; Parrish et al, 2003 ; Ramírez, 1994 ; Wang et al, 2013 ). Nonetheless, success beyond the initial generation has not been consistently observed ( Ware & Compton, 1992 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, heterospecific visitation may cause interspecific pollination. Notably, the role of hybridization in fig diversity has garnered increasing attention ( Machado et al, 2005 ; Wang et al, 2021 ), with cases of hybridization found between sympatric figs ( Kusumi et al, 2012 ; Parrish et al, 2003 ; Tsai et al, 2015 ; Wei et al, 2014 ; Wilde et al, 2020 ) and between native and introduced figs ( Ghana et al, 2015a ; b ; Ramírez, 1994 ; Ramírez & Montero, 1988 ; Ware & Compton, 1992 ). Fig complexes or closely related figs may therefore experience both cospeciation and hybridization: making them excellent models with which to explore the coevolutionary dynamics and formation of fig diversity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pollinator sharing and hybridization in a pair of dioecious figs sheds light on the pathways to speciation

Huang,

Fungjanthuek,

Chen

et al. 2023

Evolution Letters

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The dynamics and processes underlying the codiversification of plant–pollinator interactions are of great interest to researchers of biodiversity and evolution. Cospeciation is generally considered a key process driving the diversity of figs and their pollinating wasps. Groups of closely related figs pollinated by separate wasps occur frequently and represent excellent opportunities to study ongoing diversification in this textbook mutualism. We study two closely related sympatric dioecious figs (Ficus heterostyla and Ficus squamosa) in Xishuangbanna, southwest China, and aim to document what is likely to be the final stages of speciation between these species using a combination of trait data and experimental manipulation. Volatile profiles at the receptive phase, crucial for attracting pollinators, were analyzed. In total, 37 and 29 volatile compounds were identified from receptive F. heterostyla and F. squamosa figs, respectively. Despite significant interspecific dissimilarity, 25 compounds were shared. Ovipositor lengths lie well within range required for access to heterospecific ovules, facilitating hybridization. Cross introduction of wasps into figs was conducted and hybrid seeds were generated for all donor/recipient combinations. F. heterostyla wasps produce adult offspring in F. squamosa figs. While F. squamosa wasps induce gall development in F. heterostyla figs and their offspring fail to mature in synchrony with their novel host. We record limited geographic barriers, minimal volatile dissimilarity, compatible morphology, complementary reproductive phenologies, and the production of hybrid seeds and wasp offspring. These findings suggest ongoing wasp specialization and reproductive isolation, potentially applicable to other related fig species.

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“…The most Ficus plants are evergreen with a unique inflorescence, but in areas outside of the tropics these plants are deciduous. (Khadivi, Anjam, & Anjam, 2018; Ramirez‐Benavides, 2016; Teixeira, Costa, Basso‐Alves, Kjellberg, & Pereira, 2018). Berg (2003a, 2003b, 2003c, 2003d, 2004a, 2004b, 2006, 2007) distinguishes six subspecies in the Ficus genus: Ficus , Pharmacosycea , Sycidium , Sycomorus , Synoecia , and Urostigma .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ficusplants: State of the art from a phytochemical, pharmacological, and toxicological perspective

Salehi

Mishra

Nigam

et al. 2020

Phytotherapy Research

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, after first online publication: The author Javad Sharifi-Rad added has added a second affiliation "Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Azuay, Cuenca, Ecuador" in this version] secondary metabolites that have shown diverse applications. This comprehensive review describes for Ficus genus the phytochemical compounds, traditional uses and contemporary pharmacological activities such as antioxidant, cytotoxic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antiulcer, and anticonvulsant. An extended survey of the current literature (Science Direct, Scopus, PubMed) has been carried out as part of the current work. The trends in the phytochemistry, pharmacological mechanisms and activities of Ficus genus are overviewed in this manuscript: antimicrobial, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity, antiseizure and anti-Parkinson's diseases, cytotoxic and antioxidant. Healthpromoting effects, recent human clinical studies, safety and adverse effects of Ficus plants also are covered. The medical potential and long-term pharmacotherapeutic use of the genus Ficus along with no serious reported adverse events, suggests that it can be considered as being safe.

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A living fossil fig wasp (Hymenoptera, Agaoninae) developing in extant Neotropical fig species (Moraceae: Ficus, section Pharmacosycea)

Cited by 4 publications

References 45 publications

Pollinator and host sharing lead to hybridization and introgression in Panamanian free‐standing figs, but not in their pollinator wasps

Pollinator and host sharing lead to hybridization and introgression in Panamanian free‐standing figs, but not in their pollinator wasps

Pollinator sharing and hybridization in a pair of dioecious figs sheds light on the pathways to speciation

Ficusplants: State of the art from a phytochemical, pharmacological, and toxicological perspective

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