It is known that integrable models associated to rational $R$ matrices give
rise to certain non-abelian symmetries known as Yangians. Analogously
`boundary' symmetries arise when general but still integrable boundary
conditions are implemented, as originally argued by Delius, Mackay and Short
from the field theory point of view, in the context of the principal chiral
model on the half line. In the present study we deal with a discrete quantum
mechanical system with boundaries, that is the $N$ site $gl(n)$ open quantum
spin chain. In particular, the open spin chain with two distinct types of
boundary conditions known as soliton preserving and soliton non-preserving is
considered. For both types of boundaries we present a unified framework for
deriving the corresponding boundary non-local charges directly at the quantum
level. The non-local charges are simply coproduct realizations of particular
boundary quantum algebras called `boundary' or twisted Yangians, depending on
the choice of boundary conditions. Finally, with the help of linear
intertwining relations between the solutions of the reflection equation and the
generators of the boundary or twisted Yangians we are able to exhibit the
symmetry of the open spin chain, namely we show that a number of the boundary
non-local charges are in fact conserved quantitiesComment: 16 pages LATEX, clarifications and generalizations added, typos
corrected. To appear in JM