A Little Bug with a Big Bite: Impact of Hemlock Woolly Adelgid Infestations on Forest Ecosystems in the Eastern USA and Potential Control Strategies

Letheren, Amanda; Hill, Stéphanie; Salie, Jeanmarie; Parkman, J. P.; Chen, Jiangang

doi:10.3390/ijerph14040438

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 114 publications

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“…Various coccenillids (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), silver flies (Diptera: Chamaemyiidae), and predatory ground beetles (Coleoptera: Derodontidae) were tested as promising predators for protecting conifers [6]. To control the adelgid Adelges tsugae (Annand, 1928), that was brought previously to the United States, coccinellids, sirfides, gall midges, lacewings and predatory mites were successfully introduced from Japan [7].…”

Section: Against Wintering Larvae (September-october)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of the Spores of the Entomopathogenic Fungus Lecanicillium Muscarium for Control of Adelgids on Conifers in the Peter the Great Botanical Garden

Varfolomeeva

Митина

Choglokova

2022

KLS

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This article discusses the possibility of using the entomopathogenic fungus Lecanicillium muscarium R. Zare & W. Gams (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) against the fir adelgid Adelges pectinatae pectinatae (Cholodkovsky, 1888) and Siberian cedar adelgid Pineus cembrae (Cholodkovsky, 1888) on the Siberian fir Abies sibirica Ledeb., and pines Pinus sibirica Du Tour and Pinus banksiana Lamb. The blastospores of the entomopathogenic fungus L. muscarium strain G-033 VIZR, in the concentration of 5x107 spores/ml, showed a high efficiency on both of the species of adelgid. On the 17th day, the mortality of P. cembrae was 73% on P. sibirica and 61% on P. banksiana, and the mortality of the species A. pectinatae pectinatae on A. sibirica was 74%. The effect of the spore application had a prolonged effect over the next month on all treated trees. Keywords: entomopathogenic fungi, Lecanicillium muscarium, adelgid, conifers

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Section: Against Wintering Larvae (September-october)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of the Spores of the Entomopathogenic Fungus Lecanicillium Muscarium for Control of Adelgids on Conifers in the Peter the Great Botanical Garden

Varfolomeeva

Митина

Choglokova

2022

KLS

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“…Likewise, Taxus floridana, also critically endangered (Spector et al, 2011) and growing in the same location as Torreya taxifolia, is being propagated for the same purpose. This, along with the near threatened Tsuga caroliniana, which has been devastated by the hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae) (Letheren, 2017), will also be used in a conservation hedge. The latter has been propagated from collections made in Tallulah Gorge State Park from the only population native to the state of Georgia (Ron Determann, pers.…”

Section: Atlanta Botanical Garden Georgia Usamentioning

confidence: 99%

Conservation Hedges:

Gardner

Christian²,

Hinchliffe

et al. 2019

Sibbaldia

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In May 2014, the first planting of the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh (RBGE) conservation hedge took place, when the Reverend Anne Brennan planted a tree which had originated as a cutting from the ancient and historic European yew, Taxus baccata, in the churchyard of her church at Fortingall, Perthshire. This is one of almost 2,000 plants that will eventually form a conservation hedge of significant scientific and conservation value. The International Conifer Conservation Programme (ICCP), based at RBGE, has actively sought other opportunities to establish conservation hedges via its network of ‘safe sites’, using a range of different conifer species. This initiative is being driven by the potential for relatively large numbers of genotypes from a single threatened species to be stored in a linear space. It is well established that seed banks have a great capacity to store large amounts of genetic diversity, so we should simply consider conservation hedges in a similar manner. These super-hedges cram relatively large amounts of genetic material into a small space, capturing a great range of wild traits and potentially contributing to the restoration of wild populations. To date, conservation hedges have been planted at five separate locations at RBGE’s Edinburgh Garden as well as at four ICCP external ‘safe sites’. Although this article focuses on the establishment of conservation hedges using conifers, we have also highlighted some conservation hedges that comprise non-coniferous species.

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“…They highly influence the distribution and abundance of fauna and flora, as well as modulate energy fluxes and biogeochemical processes (Angelini et al, 2011;Ellison, 2014). Duration and intensity of adelgid infestation are key drivers of hemlock mortality and vigor: stands that have been infested for a shorter time experience less severe hemlock decline (Orwig et al, 2002), and in stands that experience temperature extremes (adelgidincreased mortality) have a more gradual hemlock decline (Letheren et al, 2017). Eastern hemlock stands do not re-establish after the trees die.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying regional-scale impacts of hemlock woolly adelgid invasion on North American forest bird communities

Amaral

Wilson

Blum

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Humans significantly influence geographic patterns of biological invasions, creating conditions for species to overcome biogeographic barriers and colonize new areas. In the eastern United States, forested landscapes containing eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) are under threat by the invasive hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae). Although several studies have shown the negative effects of adelgid invasion in local bird communities, its regional impacts have not yet been quantified. Using broad-scale spatial (entire eastern US range of hemlock) and temporal (>40 years of bird monitoring data) databases, we built spatial auto-regressive generalized mixed linear models to estimate immediate and long-term population effects of adelgid infestation on population trends of fourteen bird species. We also determined how winter temperature interacted with adelgid infestation to affect population trends. We selected the best models using WAIC, and validated model performance and power using Monte Carlo simulation, permutation tests, and sensitivity analysis. For all but one species, the best model included the effects of adelgid infestation on abundance trends. We observed a > 30% decline for two hemlock-associates species after infestation: the Blackburnian warbler, and the Hermit thrush. Declines were greater in the warmest part of their ranges. In contrast, no control species showed similar declines. Our results demonstrate that birds locally associated with hemlock habitat, when evaluated at a broad spatiotemporal scale, also decline in abundance following infestation. At the same time, declines are not universal and are dampened as compared to local studies suggesting that spatial heterogeneity buffers demographic decline. We also found that cold winters are associated with smaller bird population declines, suggesting that rising winter temperatures due to climate change might remove this environmental barrier. Despite the difficulties of understanding and connecting landscape-scale processes with those at finer scales, it is critical to evaluate processes that govern biodiversity distribution from a regional perspective.

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A Little Bug with a Big Bite: Impact of Hemlock Woolly Adelgid Infestations on Forest Ecosystems in the Eastern USA and Potential Control Strategies

Cited by 12 publications

References 114 publications

Application of the Spores of the Entomopathogenic Fungus Lecanicillium Muscarium for Control of Adelgids on Conifers in the Peter the Great Botanical Garden

Application of the Spores of the Entomopathogenic Fungus Lecanicillium Muscarium for Control of Adelgids on Conifers in the Peter the Great Botanical Garden

Conservation Hedges:

Quantifying regional-scale impacts of hemlock woolly adelgid invasion on North American forest bird communities

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