A literature review on vitamin retention during the extrusion of dry pet food

Morin, Pauline; Gorman, Alicia; Lambrakis, Leah

doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.114975

Cited by 6 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The VITE diet exhibited less DPPH • scavenging capacity than the CO diet, despite showing no differences when compared to control. Moreover, several synergistic mechanisms between different natural antioxidants, such as those found in coriander, are known to heighten the antioxidant potential of biological samples, generating superior antioxidant characteristics as opposed the sums of each individual one [84][85][86]. When compared to the control, the antioxidant capacity measured in diet VITE does not seem dose responsive.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When compared to the control, the antioxidant capacity measured in diet VITE does not seem dose responsive. Previous studies suggested that the DPPH and ABTS method can be employed to examine lipophilic antioxidants such as tocopherols (vitamin E) [85,87]. However, the DPPH • reaction rates are highly influenced by solvent composition [88], suggesting that results have to be interpreted with caution.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative Analysis between Synthetic Vitamin E and Natural Antioxidant Sources from Tomato, Carrot and Coriander in Diets for Market-Sized Dicentrarchus labrax

et al. 2022

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Synthetic vitamin E is commonly used in aquafeeds to prevent oxidative stress in fish and delay feed and flesh oxidation during storage, but consumers’ preferences tend towards natural antioxidant sources. The potential of vegetable antioxidants-rich coproducts, dried tomato (TO), carrot (CA) and coriander (CO) was compared to that of synthetic vitamin E included in diets at either a regular (CTRL; 100 mg kg−1) or reinforced dose (VITE; 500 mg kg−1). Natural antioxidants were added at 2% to the CTRL. Mixes were then extruded and dried, generating five experimental diets that were fed to European sea bass juveniles (114 g) over 12 weeks. Vitamin E and carotenoid content of extruded diets showed signs of degradation. The experimental diets had very limited effects on fish growth or body composition, immunomodulatory response, muscle and liver antioxidant potential, organoleptic properties or consumer acceptance. Altogether, experimental findings suggest that neither a heightened inclusion dose of 500 mg kg−1 of vitamin E, nor a 2% inclusion of natural antioxidants provided additional antioxidant protection, compared to fish fed diets including the regular dose of 100 mg kg−1 of vitamin E.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Analysis between Synthetic Vitamin E and Natural Antioxidant Sources from Tomato, Carrot and Coriander in Diets for Market-Sized Dicentrarchus labrax

et al. 2022

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“…It is also water-soluble [ 9 , 10 ]. The loss of AA fortified in aquaculture feed is up to 80% during processing, storage, and in seawater [ 9 , 11 ]. Over the past two decades, many efforts have been made to encapsulate drugs, vitamins, enzymes, and vaccines to maintain the efficacy of bioactives and maximize the biofunctionality of the aquafeeds [ 9 , 11 , 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The loss of AA fortified in aquaculture feed is up to 80% during processing, storage, and in seawater [ 9 , 11 ]. Over the past two decades, many efforts have been made to encapsulate drugs, vitamins, enzymes, and vaccines to maintain the efficacy of bioactives and maximize the biofunctionality of the aquafeeds [ 9 , 11 , 12 ]. Nonetheless, some serious concerns on the practicability of the encapsulation remain, for instance, toxicity, biocompatibility, and bioavailability of the encapsulation materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nonetheless, some serious concerns on the practicability of the encapsulation remain, for instance, toxicity, biocompatibility, and bioavailability of the encapsulation materials. Moreover, sufficient resistibility of the encapsulation system to the harsh conditions of feed processing remains critical and highly challenging [ 11 , 12 , 13 ]. The presence of lipids in the encapsulation-wall matrix effectively reduces the degradation/loss of heat-sensitive compounds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Improvement of Moist Heat Resistance of Ascorbic Acid through Encapsulation in Egg Yolk–Chitosan Composite: Application for Production of Highly Nutritious Shrimp Feed Pellets

Jaroensaensuai

Wongsasulak

Yoovidhya

et al. 2022

Animals

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Egg yolk (EY) is an excellent supplement for aquatic animals and has good technofunctionality. Ascorbic acid (AA) is a potent bioactive substance and is essentially added to shrimp feed; however, it is drastically lost in both feed processing and in rearing environments. In this study, AA was microencapsulated in an EY–chitosan (CS) composite. The encapsulated vitamin was then mixed into a shrimp feed mixture to form pelleted feed via twin-screw extrusion. The effects of the EY/AA ratio and the amount of CS on moist heat resistance, production yield, encapsulation efficiency (EE), and morphology of microcapsules were investigated. The molecular interaction of the microcapsule components was analyzed by FTIR. The size and size distribution of the microcapsules were determined using a laser diffraction analyzer. The microstructure was evaluated by SEM. The physical properties of the microcapsule-fortified pelleted feed were determined. The AA retention at each step of feed processing and during exposure to seawater was evaluated. The results showed that the microcapsules had a spherical shape with an average diameter of ~6.0 μm. Decreasing the EY/AA ratio significantly improved the production yield, EE, and morphology of the microcapsules. EY proved to be the key component for moist heat resistance, while CS majorly improved the production yield, EE, and morphology of the microcapsules. The microcapsules showed no adverse impact on feed properties. The loss of AA in food processing and seawater was remarkably improved. The final content of the encapsulated AA remaining in shrimp feed was 16-fold higher than that of the unencapsulated AA.

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Unravelling the effects of extrusion and drying temperatures on the radical scavenging capacity of aquafeeds supplemented with mango and pineapple by-products

Pereira,

Velasco,

Gómez-Garcia

et al. 2024

Animal Feed Science and Technology

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A literature review on vitamin retention during the extrusion of dry pet food

Cited by 6 publications

References 28 publications

Comparative Analysis between Synthetic Vitamin E and Natural Antioxidant Sources from Tomato, Carrot and Coriander in Diets for Market-Sized Dicentrarchus labrax

Comparative Analysis between Synthetic Vitamin E and Natural Antioxidant Sources from Tomato, Carrot and Coriander in Diets for Market-Sized Dicentrarchus labrax

Improvement of Moist Heat Resistance of Ascorbic Acid through Encapsulation in Egg Yolk–Chitosan Composite: Application for Production of Highly Nutritious Shrimp Feed Pellets

Unravelling the effects of extrusion and drying temperatures on the radical scavenging capacity of aquafeeds supplemented with mango and pineapple by-products

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