A Literature Review on Alkali Silica Reactivity of Concrete in Pakistan

The alkali–silica reaction (ASR) is a primary cause for premature concrete degradation. An accelerated mortar bar test is often used to access the detrimental phenomena in concrete caused by the ASR of aggregates. However, this test requires a certain environmental conditioning as per ASTM C1260. The objective of this study is to explore the effects of the cement alkali content, exposure solution concentration, temperature, and test duration on mortar bar expansion. Factorial experimental design and analysis was conducted to delineate the effects of the individual factors as well as their interaction. Five different aggregates with various mineralogical properties were used, representing reactive and non-reactive aggregates. Various dosages of cement alkalis (0.40, 0.80, and 1.20 Na2Oe), sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution concentrations (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 N), and temperature (40 °C, 80 °C, and 100 °C) were the studied variables. Mortar bar expansion was measured at 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 56, and 90 days. Mortar bars incorporating Jhelum aggregates incurred expansion of 0.32% at 28 days, proving to be reactive aggregates as per ASTM C1260. Similarly, specimens incorporating Taxila aggregates showed expansion of 0.10% at 28 days, indicating non-reactive nature. It was observed that specimens with Sargodha aggregates showed expansion of 0.27% at 28 days for 0.50 N NaOH solution concentration compared to 0.31% expansion for identical specimens exposed to 1.5 N solution. Moreover, expansion increased with exposure duration for all the tested specimens. Experimental results showed that the cement alkali contents had relatively lesser effect on expansion for 1.0 N NaOH; while, in the case of 0.5 N and 1.5 N NaOH, the cement alkali had a significant effect. It was noted that expansion increased with an increase in the temperature. Jhelum aggregates showed 28-day expansion of 0.290% when exposed to 40 °C, but at a temperature of 100 °C, expansion increased to 0.339%. Factorial analysis revealed that the exposure solution had a major contribution towards the expansion of mortar bar specimens. This study highlights the contribution of various exposure conditions on the ASR expansion, which leads to a decisive role in selecting the aggregate sources for various applications and exposure conditions leading to sustainable construction.

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“…Esposito and Hendriks [17] 8 Critical review on alkali-silica reactivity of concrete structures in Pakistan was conducted. Munir et al [18] 9…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alkali–Silica Reactivity Potential of Reactive and Non-Reactive Aggregates under Various Exposure Conditions for Sustainable Construction

et al. 2023

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Strength, durability, and microstructure properties of concrete containing bagasse ash – A review of 15 years of perspectives, progress and future insights

Abdalla,

Hussein,

Ahmed

et al. 2024

Results in Engineering

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Fabrication, structural, morphological, and mechanical behaviour of fly ash doped clay ceramics based CO₂ gas sensor

Kumari,

Rakhi,

Hussain

et al. 2024

Phys. Scr.

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Various attempts have been made to fabricate fly ash-doped clay composites via solid state reaction method. Additionally, to investigate the structural, mechanical, surface morphology, and CO2 gas sensing behavior, the fabricated clay composites were sintered at three different temperatures 1000, 1100, and 1200 °C (COF1, COF2, COF3) for 4 h. The green and sintered densities of the fabricated composites were found to be in the range of 2.17-2.13 g/cm3 and 1.38 to 1.30 g/cm3. Further, various characterization techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, universal testing machine (UTM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX) were carried out. Moreover, to determine the compressive strength and Young’s modulus values, a universal testing machine (UTM) was used. The fracture toughness of the fabricated composites, COF2 and COF3 were found to be 7.84 MPa-m1/2 and 2.22 MPa-m1/2. The COF3 composite exhibited a sensing response, response time, recovery time of 3.39 at 1200 ppm CO2, 16.95 s and 18.05 s respectively. Consequently, this porous clay composite can be fabricated in a cost-effective and eco-friendly manner, hence beneficial for CO2 gas sensing applications.

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A Literature Review on Alkali Silica Reactivity of Concrete in Pakistan

Cited by 3 publications

References 26 publications

Alkali–Silica Reactivity Potential of Reactive and Non-Reactive Aggregates under Various Exposure Conditions for Sustainable Construction

Alkali–Silica Reactivity Potential of Reactive and Non-Reactive Aggregates under Various Exposure Conditions for Sustainable Construction

Strength, durability, and microstructure properties of concrete containing bagasse ash – A review of 15 years of perspectives, progress and future insights

Fabrication, structural, morphological, and mechanical behaviour of fly ash doped clay ceramics based CO₂ gas sensor

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A Literature Review on Alkali Silica Reactivity of Concrete in Pakistan

Cited by 3 publications

References 26 publications

Alkali–Silica Reactivity Potential of Reactive and Non-Reactive Aggregates under Various Exposure Conditions for Sustainable Construction

Alkali–Silica Reactivity Potential of Reactive and Non-Reactive Aggregates under Various Exposure Conditions for Sustainable Construction

Strength, durability, and microstructure properties of concrete containing bagasse ash – A review of 15 years of perspectives, progress and future insights

Fabrication, structural, morphological, and mechanical behaviour of fly ash doped clay ceramics based CO2 gas sensor

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Product

Resources

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Fabrication, structural, morphological, and mechanical behaviour of fly ash doped clay ceramics based CO₂ gas sensor