A Literature Review of the Effects of Copper Intrauterine Devices on Blood Copper Levels in Humans

Crandell, Lena; Mohler, Natalie

doi:10.1016/j.nwh.2020.11.003

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…According to research by Liu et al (7) , a mutation in the ATP7B gene, which regulates ceruloplasmin production and copper excretion, causes an abnormal buildup of copper in key organs including the liver and brain. Crandell and Mohler (8) also state that common clinical manifestations of copper toxicity that can result from Wilson disease or other causes include gastrointestinal symptoms, renal failure, neurological issues, hepatic impairment, decreased bone density, cardiovascular issues, coma, and death.…”

Section: General Symptomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association between Elevated Serum Copper (Cu) Levels and Its Complications in Cu T380a IntrauterineDevice (IUD) Users; a Cross-Sectional Study

2024

The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine

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Background: While it is widely recognised that intrauterine devices (IUDs) do not usually cause copper toxicity, there have been documented instances. The likelihood of copper poisoning from an IUD is somewhat increased in women with chronic liver illness because it may impair their body's capacity to metabolise minerals like copper.Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between the use of copper T380A IUD and levels of copper in blood in Cu IUD users through measuring their blood copper level and to assess potential Cu toxicity. Patients and methods: A total of 159 women using copper T380A IUD as a method of contraception were enrolled and subdivided into 3 equal groups: Group A included women using copper T380A IUD ≥ 1 year, group B included women using copper T380A IUD less than 1year and group C "non-users" "control group" included women not using copper T380A IUD as a method of contraception, with the same inclusion and exclusion criteria. All cases were asked about symptoms of Cu toxicity using case report form and questionnaire as gastric upset, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, change in colour of stool, bloody or black stools, headache, lightheadedness, fatigue, elevated body temperature or chills, myalgia, palpitations, changes in taste up to anorexia, mood swings, symptoms of depression or anxiety, irritability, hardly focusing and body system failure. Incidence and prevalence of Cu toxicity symptoms were evaluated and cutoff point of serum copper level in µg per deciliter and its correlation with Cu toxicity was assessed. Results: No differences were noted between study groups regarding serum Cu level 108.46 ± 22.93 vs. 104.13 ± 22.44 vs. 109.15 ± 22.66 µg/dl and symptoms of Cu toxicity except fatigue and tachycardia that were more frequent among control group with no significant clinical value. Also, no differences were noted between study groups regarding maternal age and BMI. Conclusion: There was no rise in blood copper levels among IUD users, regardless of duration of usage. Copper T380A IUD is recommended to be used safely without danger of Cu toxicity.

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Section: General Symptomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association between Elevated Serum Copper (Cu) Levels and Its Complications in Cu T380a IntrauterineDevice (IUD) Users; a Cross-Sectional Study

2024

The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine

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“…The data on systemic copper levels must be interpreted in the context of study design and analytical limitations. For a review, see Crandell and Mohler ( 2021 ). In a more recent in vitro simulation study, nine types of Cu‐IUDs were selected and incubated in simulated uterine fluid.…”

Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The data on systemic copper levels must be interpreted in the context of study design and analytical limitations. For a review, see Crandell and Mohler ( 2021 ).…”

Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Re‐evaluation of the existing health‐based guidance values for copper and exposure assessment from all sources

More¹,

Bampidis²,

Benford³

et al. 2023

EFS2

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Copper is an essential micronutrient and also a regulated product used in organic and in conventional farming pest management. Both deficiency and excessive exposure to copper can have adverse health effects. In this Scientific Opinion, the EFSA 2021 harmonised approach for establishing health‐based guidance values (HBGVs) for substances that are regulated products and also nutrients was used to resolve the divergent existing HBGVs for copper. The tightly regulated homeostasis prevents toxicity manifestation in the short term, but the development of chronic copper toxicity is dependent on copper homeostasis and its tissue retention. Evidence from Wilson disease suggests that hepatic retention is indicative of potential future and possibly sudden onset of copper toxicity under conditions of continuous intake. Hence, emphasis was placed on copper retention as an early marker of potential adverse effects. The relationships between (a) chronic copper exposure and its retention in the body, particularly the liver, and (b) hepatic copper concentrations and evidence of toxicity were examined. The Scientific Committee (SC) concludes that no retention of copper is expected to occur with intake of 5 mg/day and established an Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) of 0.07 mg/kg bw. A refined dietary exposure assessment was performed, assessing contribution from dietary and non‐dietary sources. Background copper levels are a significant source of copper. The contribution of copper from its use as plant protection product (PPP), food and feed additives or fertilisers is negligible. The use of copper in fertilisers or PPPs contributes to copper accumulation in soil. Infant formula and follow‐on formula are important contributors to dietary exposure of copper in infants and toddlers. Contribution from non‐oral sources is negligible. Dietary exposure to total copper does not exceed the HBGV in adolescents, adults, elderly and the very elderly. Neither hepatic copper retention nor adverse effects are expected to occur from the estimated copper exposure in children due to higher nutrient requirements related to growth.

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“…Due to the popularity of copper intrauterine devices (Cu IUDs) as a contraceptive method interfering with fertilization and/or implantation [83], it would be interesting to evaluate whether their use could modify serum Cu levels. In a recent review [84], eight of twelve studies analyzed found that Cu IUDs would not change the serum concentrations of this metal. Although the in situ release of Cu ions is very low, research is limited, and there is no clear evidence.…”

Section: Copper and Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Copper in Gynecological Diseases

Conforti,

Delsouc,

Zorychta

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Copper (Cu) is an essential micronutrient for the correct development of eukaryotic organisms. This metal plays a key role in many cellular and physiological activities, including enzymatic activity, oxygen transport, and cell signaling. Although the redox activity of Cu is crucial for enzymatic reactions, this property also makes it potentially toxic when found at high levels. Due to this dual action of Cu, highly regulated mechanisms are necessary to prevent both the deficiency and the accumulation of this metal since its dyshomeostasis may favor the development of multiple diseases, such as Menkes’ and Wilson’s diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes mellitus, and cancer. As the relationship between Cu and cancer has been the most studied, we analyze how this metal can affect three fundamental processes for tumor progression: cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Gynecological diseases are characterized by high prevalence, morbidity, and mortality, depending on the case, and mainly include benign and malignant tumors. The cellular processes that promote their progression are affected by Cu, and the mechanisms that occur may be similar. We analyze the crosstalk between Cu deregulation and gynecological diseases, focusing on therapeutic strategies derived from this metal.

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A Literature Review of the Effects of Copper Intrauterine Devices on Blood Copper Levels in Humans

Cited by 8 publications

References 19 publications

The Association between Elevated Serum Copper (Cu) Levels and Its Complications in Cu T380a IntrauterineDevice (IUD) Users; a Cross-Sectional Study

The Association between Elevated Serum Copper (Cu) Levels and Its Complications in Cu T380a IntrauterineDevice (IUD) Users; a Cross-Sectional Study

Re‐evaluation of the existing health‐based guidance values for copper and exposure assessment from all sources

Copper in Gynecological Diseases

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