A literature review of Microgrids: A functional layer based classification

Martínez, Francisco Martín; Sánchez-Miralles, Álvaro; Rivier, Michel

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2016.05.025

Cited by 204 publications

(124 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…Microgrid is a small power distribution system, which supplies energy for consumers by several DERs, including distributed generators and distributed energy storage devices [54][55][56][57][58]. It is an effective supplement of main power grid in the smart grid environment.…”

Section: Microgridmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Internet: The business perspective

2016

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Section: Microgridmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Internet: The business perspective

2016

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“…In [33] different architecture models of the MG, with their advantages and disadvantages, were analysed. Also in [34] and [16] a performance comparison of Alternating Current (AC), Direct Current (DC), hybrid AC-DC micro-grids and other configurations was realized.…”

Section: Micro-grid Layoutmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Analysis of a Hybrid Energy Storage System (H-ESS) Coupled to a Photovoltaic (PV) Plant

et al. 2018

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Nowadays energy storage is strongly needed to allow grid safety and stability due to the wide penetration of renewable plants. Mainly economic and technological issues impede a relevant integration of conventional storage devices in the energy system. In this scenario, the hybridization of different storage technologies can be a techno-economic solution useful to overcome these issues and promote their diffusion. Hybridization allows multi-operation modes of the Energy Storage System (ESS), merging the positive features of base-technologies and extending their application ranges. This paper provides a dynamic analysis of a hybrid energy storage system (H-ESS) consisting of a flywheel and a battery pack coupled to a photovoltaic generation plant and a residential load up to 20 kW. A dynamic model of the overall micro-grid (MG) was developed implementing the H-ESS preliminary sizing and a suitable management algorithm. The instantaneous behavior of each component was evaluated. A brief summary of the MG performance at different weather and load conditions was provided together with a characterization of the impact of power fluctuations on the battery current and on the power exchange with the grid.

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“…Compared with other architectural approaches, such as microgrids [5][6][7][8], which is perhaps the most widely accepted, mature and well-established concept for hosting large amounts of distributed RES, in terms of DER integration, the cell concept presents some advantages such as more generic voltage level applicability (whilst microgrids are confined mainly to LV distribution grids), more than one connection (tie-line) to other cells at any voltage level, or no self-sufficiency in terms of energy balance which means that a cell can largely rely on imports/exports, etc. On top of that, cells ensure their provision of reserves that serve primarily their own stability whilst microgrids, when in In terms of control architecture, there is a novel control approach defined for use within cells.…”

Section: The "Cell" and "Web-of-cells" Conceptsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive Fuzzy Control for Power-Frequency Characteristic Regulation in High-RES Power Systems

et al. 2017

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Future power systems control will require large-scale activation of reserves at distribution level. Despite their high potential, distributed energy resources (DER) used for frequency control pose challenges due to unpredictability, grid bottlenecks, etc. To deal with these issues, this study presents a novel strategy of power frequency characteristic dynamic adjustment based on the imbalance state. This way, the concerned operators become aware of the imbalance location but also a more accurate redistribution of responsibilities in terms of reserves activations is achieved. The proposed control is based on the concept of "cells" which are power systems with operating capabilities and responsibilities similar to control areas (CAs), but fostering the use of resources at all voltage levels, particularly distribution grids. Control autonomy of cells allows increased RES hosting. In this study, the power frequency characteristic of a cell is adjusted in real time by means of a fuzzy controller, which curtails part of the reserves, in order to avoid unnecessary deployment throughout a synchronous area, leading to a more localised activation and reducing losses, congestions and reserves exhaustion. Simulation tests in a four-cell reference power system prove that the controller significantly reduces the use of reserves without compromising the overall stability.

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A literature review of Microgrids: A functional layer based classification

Cited by 204 publications

References 89 publications

Energy Internet: The business perspective

Energy Internet: The business perspective

Dynamic Analysis of a Hybrid Energy Storage System (H-ESS) Coupled to a Photovoltaic (PV) Plant

Adaptive Fuzzy Control for Power-Frequency Characteristic Regulation in High-RES Power Systems

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