A Literature Review of Cannabis and Myocardial Infarction—What Clinicians May Not Be Aware Of

Chetty, Kimesh; Lavoie, Andrea; Deghani, Payam

doi:10.1016/j.cjco.2020.09.001

Cited by 20 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 76 publications

(61 reference statements)

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“…This effect was abolished following exposure to a CB2 receptor antagonist. However, smoking cannabis with uncontrolled quantity of cannabinoids may induce adverse effects on the cardiovascular system [ 49 ]. These findings provide information about the potential therapeutic values of using cannabinoids for the treatments of atherosclerosis-related diseases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum Proteomic Analysis of Cannabis Use Disorder in Male Patients

et al. 2021

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Cannabis use has been growing recently and it is legally consumed in many countries. Cannabis has a variety of phytochemicals including cannabinoids, which might impair the peripheral systems responses affecting inflammatory and immunological pathways. However, the exact signaling pathways that induce these effects need further understanding. The objective of this study is to investigate the serum proteomic profiling in patients diagnosed with cannabis use disorder (CUD) as compared with healthy control subjects. The novelty of our study is to highlight the differentially changes proteins in the serum of CUD patients. Certain proteins can be targeted in the future to attenuate the toxicological effects of cannabis. Blood samples were collected from 20 male individuals: 10 healthy controls and 10 CUD patients. An untargeted proteomic technique employing two-dimensional difference in gel electrophoresis coupled with mass spectrometry was employed in this study to assess the differentially expressed proteins. The proteomic analysis identified a total of 121 proteins that showed significant changes in protein expression between CUD patients (experimental group) and healthy individuals (control group). For instance, the serum expression of inactive tyrosine protein kinase PEAK1 and tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 3 were increased in CUD group. In contrast, the serum expression of transthyretin and serotransferrin were reduced in CUD group. Among these proteins, 55 proteins were significantly upregulated and 66 proteins significantly downregulated in CUD patients as compared with healthy control group. Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) found that these differentially expressed proteins are linked to p38MAPK, interleukin 12 complex, nuclear factor-κB, and other signaling pathways. Our work indicates that the differentially expressed serum proteins between CUD and control groups are correlated to liver X receptor/retinoid X receptor (RXR), farnesoid X receptor/RXR activation, and acute phase response signaling.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum Proteomic Analysis of Cannabis Use Disorder in Male Patients

et al. 2021

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“…Multiple case reports have linked marijuana to thrombus formation, leading to acute MI [ 13 ], and the authors quote the publication by Deusch et al [ 91 ] on human platelets in vitro in which CB 1 - and CB 2 -Rs are expressed and THC enhances expression of the platelet fibrinogen receptor (glycoprotein IIb-IIIa) and P-selectin; experiments with CB-R antagonists were not performed in that study. In other studies, THC by itself failed to modify the aggregation of human platelets [ 186 ] and even decreased aggregation of human and rabbit platelets induced by various factors [ 182 ].…”

Section: Thrombus Formation and Coronary Constriction?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their distribution is not controlled and they are easily available as “seemingly innocent, herbal products”. They possess structural and biochemical similarities and exert even more potent and deleterious adverse effects in comparison to THC due to their greater affinity for the CB 1 -R, the CB-R subtype responsible for the psychotropic effects of cannabis (for affinities of THC and other cannabinoids considered in this review, see Figure 1 ) [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why Do Marijuana and Synthetic Cannabimimetics Induce Acute Myocardial Infarction in Healthy Young People?

Weresa

Pędzińska-Betiuk

Mińczuk

et al. 2022

Cells

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The use of cannabis preparations has steadily increased. Although cannabis was traditionally assumed to only have mild vegetative side effects, it has become evident in recent years that severe cardiovascular complications can occur. Cannabis use has recently even been added to the risk factors for myocardial infarction. This review is dedicated to pathogenetic factors contributing to cannabis-related myocardial infarction. Tachycardia is highly important in this respect, and we provide evidence that activation of CB1 receptors in brain regions important for cardiovascular regulation and of presynaptic CB1 receptors on sympathetic and/or parasympathetic nerve fibers are involved. The prototypical factors for myocardial infarction, i.e., thrombus formation and coronary constriction, have also been considered, but there is little evidence that they play a decisive role. On the other hand, an increase in the formation of carboxyhemoglobin, impaired mitochondrial respiration, cardiotoxic reactions and tachyarrhythmias associated with the increased sympathetic tone are factors possibly intensifying myocardial infarction. A particularly important factor is that cannabis use is frequently accompanied by tobacco smoking. In conclusion, additional research is warranted to decipher the mechanisms involved, since cannabis use is being legalized increasingly and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and its synthetic analogue nabilone are indicated for the treatment of various disease states.

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“…51 cases describing cannabis-related MI had been reported in the literature. The first case was described in 2003, since then the number of cases is significantly rising [ 6 ]. K. Chetty and reported in the literature review that the mean age of the patients was 31 years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%