A Literature Review of Blood-Disseminated P. marneffei Infection and a Case Study of this Infection in an HIV-Negative Child with Comorbid Eosinophilia

Han, Xiujing; Su, Danhong; Yi, Jian-yun; Zou, Yawei; Shi, Yujun

doi:10.1007/s11046-018-0255-8

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Abnormal immunological findings might suggest underlying PIDs in HIV-negative children with T. marneffei infection. This point has been reported in children with various forms of immune-related underlying diseases and PIDs [7,18,19]. As a further study of T. marneffei infection, we performed nine genetic tests of underlying PIDs in recent years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

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Peripheral immune profile of children with Talaromyces marneffei infections: a retrospective analysis of 21 cases

et al. 2021

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Background Talaromyces marneffei (T. marneffei) is an opportunistic pathogen that infects immunodeficient children. The aim of the study is to determine the clinical features and peripheral immune state of Talaromyces marneffei (T. marneffei) infections in children for early detection and diagnosis. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 21 pediatric patients who were diagnosed with T. marneffei infections and were followed up in the Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center from January 2010 to January 2020. For each patient, we collected and analyzed clinical characteristics, peripheral immunological results, genetic tests, complications and prognosis. Results Common clinical features of the patients included fever (20/21, 95.24%), cough (17/21, 80.95%) and hepatomegaly (17/21, 80.95%). Severe complications included septic shock (12/21, 57.14%), hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) (11/21, 52.38%), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (10/21, 47.62%), multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) (9/21, 42.86%), and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) (7/21, 33.33%). Eleven children (11/21, 52.38%) eventually died of T. marneffei infections. All patients were HIV negative. Seven cases revealed reduced antibody levels, especially IgG. Higher levels of IgE were detected in 9 cases with an obvious increase in two patients. Ten patients showed decreased complement C3 levels, some of whom had low C4 levels. Three patients displayed decreased absolute T lymphocyte counts, including the CD 4+ and CD 8+ subsets. A reduction in NK cells was present in most patients. No patient had positive nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) test results. Nine patients were screened for common genetic mutations. Of the cases, one case had no disease-specific gene mutation. Four children had confirmed hyperimmunoglobulin M syndrome (HIGM) with CD40LG variation, one case had severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), and one case had hyper-IgE syndrome (HIES). One patient was identified as having a heterozygous mutation in STAT3 gene; however, he showed no typical clinical manifestations of HIES at his age. One patient had a mutated COPA gene with uncertain pathogenic potential. Another patient was diagnosed with HIES that depended on her clinical features and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) scoring system. Conclusions T. marneffei infections in HIV-negative children induced severe systemic complications and poor prognosis. Children with T. marneffei infections commonly exhibited abnormal immunoglobulin levels in peripheral blood, particularly decreased IgG or increased IgE levels, further suggesting possible underlying PIDs in these patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…P3 revealed only lower CD 8+ subsets. Greater than half of all cases (P1, 5,7,8,11,12,13,14,15,18,19,20 and 21) showed markedly decreased NK cell counts. The ratio of CD4/CD8 increased in 8 patients (P1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, 10 and 17).…”

Section: Immunologic Detectionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Peripheral immune profile of children with Talaromyces marneffei infections: a retrospective analysis of 21 cases

et al. 2021

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“…Currently, we still have no effective means for treating HSV-1. HSV-1 infection is regarded as a crucial factor for increasing the possibility of being infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which is characterized by lymphadenectasis and fever with high mortality (Han et al, 2018). An earlier study suggested that NM II may play a role in virus transport and egress during the virus life cycle of HSV-1.…”

Section: Nm II In Microbial-triggered Discordsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-muscle Myosin II: Role in Microbial Infection and Its Potential as a Therapeutic Target

et al. 2019

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Currently, the major measures of preventing and controlling microbial infection are vaccinations and drugs. However, the appearance of drug resistance microbial mounts is main obstacle in current anti-microbial therapy. One of the most ubiquitous actin-binding proteins, non-muscle myosin II (NM II) plays a crucial role in a wide range of cellular physiological activities in mammals, including cell adhesion, migration, and division. Nowadays, growing evidence indicates that aberrant expression or activity of NM II can be detected in many diseases caused by microbes, including viruses and bacteria. Furthermore, an important role for NM II in the infection of some microbes is verified. Importantly, modulating the expression of NM II with small hairpin RNA (shRNA) or the activity of it by inhibitors can affect microbial-triggered phenotypes. Therefore, NM II holds the promise to be a potential target for inhibiting the infection of microbes and even treating microbial-triggered discords. In spite of these, a comprehensive view on the functions of NM II in microbial infection and the regulators which have an impact on the roles of NM II in this context, is still lacking. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge on the roles of NM II in microbial-triggered discords and provide broad insights into its regulators. In addition, the existing challenge of investigating the multiple roles of NM II in microbial infection and developing NM II inhibitors for treating these microbial-triggered discords, are also discussed.

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“…Abnormal immunological ndings might suggest underlying PIDs in HIV-negative children with T. marneffei infection. This point has been reported in children with various forms of immune-related underlying diseases and PIDs [12,16,17]. As a further study of T. marneffei infection, we performed nine genetic tests of underlying PIDs in recent years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Peripheral Immune Profile of Children With Talaromyces Marneffei Infections: A Retrospective Analysis of 21 Cases

Zeng

Jin

Yin

et al. 2021

Preprint

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BackgroundTalaromyces (formerly Penicillium) marneffei (T. marneffei) is an opportunistic pathogen that infects immunodeficient and immunocompromised children. The aim of the study is to determine the clinical features and peripheral immune state of Talaromyces marneffei (T. marneffei) infections in children for early detection and diagnosis.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 21 pediatric patients who were diagnosed with T. marneffei infections and were followed up in the Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center from January 2010 to January 2020. For each patient, we collected and analyzed clinical characteristics, peripheral immunological results, genetic tests, complications and prognosis.ResultsCommon clinical features of the patients included fever (20/21, 95.24%), cough (17/21, 80.95%) and hepatomegaly (17/21, 80.95%). Severe complications included septic shock (12/21, 57.14%), hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) (11/21, 52.38%), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (10/21, 47.62%), multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) (9/21, 42.86%), and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) (7/21, 33.33%). Eleven children (11/21, 52.38%) eventually died of T. marneffei infections. All patients were HIV negative. Seven cases revealed reduced antibody levels, especially IgG. Higher levels of IgE were detected in 9 cases with an obvious increase in two patients. Ten patients showed decreased complement C3 levels, some of whom had low C4 levels. Three patients displayed decreased absolute T lymphocyte counts, including the CD 4+ and CD 8+ subsets. A reduction in NK cells was present in most patients. No patient had positive nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) test results. Nine patients were assessed using gene tests. Of the cases, one case had no disease-specific gene mutation. Four children had confirmed hyperimmunoglobulin M syndrome (HIGM) with CD40LG variation, one case had severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), and one case had hyper-IgE syndrome (HIES). One patient was identified as having a heterozygous mutation in STAT3 gene; however, he showed no typical clinical manifestations of HIES at his age. One patient had a mutated COPA gene with uncertain pathogenic potential. Another patient was diagnosed with HIES that depended on her clinical features and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) scoring system.ConclusionT. marneffei infections in HIV-negative children induced severe systemic complications and poor prognosis. Children with T. marneffei infections commonly exhibited abnormal immunoglobulin levels in peripheral blood, particularly decreased IgG or increased IgE levels, further suggesting possible underlying PIDs in these patients.

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A Literature Review of Blood-Disseminated P. marneffei Infection and a Case Study of this Infection in an HIV-Negative Child with Comorbid Eosinophilia

Cited by 13 publications

References 6 publications

Peripheral immune profile of children with Talaromyces marneffei infections: a retrospective analysis of 21 cases

Peripheral immune profile of children with Talaromyces marneffei infections: a retrospective analysis of 21 cases

Non-muscle Myosin II: Role in Microbial Infection and Its Potential as a Therapeutic Target

Peripheral Immune Profile of Children With Talaromyces Marneffei Infections: A Retrospective Analysis of 21 Cases

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