A literature review of approaches to the professionalism of journalists

Journalism and Moonlighting: An International Comparison of 242 Codes of Ethics

“…Scholars have long wrestled with the fascinating question of whether journalism is a profession, a semiprofession, or perhaps only an occupation (for further discussion, see Allison, 1986;Hallin, 1992;Schiller, 1979;Schudson, 1978Schudson, , 1990Tuchman, 1973). Regardless of the lack of sociological-theoretical agreement, widespread use of codes of ethics around the world suggests that in practice, journalism perceives itself as a profession or at least a semiprofession.…”

Identifying and Defining Values in Media Codes of Ethics

“…This footnote acknowledges the continuing debate over the definition of the term, the autonomy of practitioners, and the voluntary nature and lack of enforceability of ethics codes. See Allison (1986), Kwitny (1990), Singer (2003), and Dennis and Merrill (2006) for discussions of media practitioners as professionals.…”

Putting the Management into Innovation & Media Management Studies: A Meta-Analysis

“…However, the studies yielded only 162 references to technological agency by nonmanagement personnel with further examination showing no mention of employee agency more than once. For confirmation, using Premkumar's (2003) terms suggesting employee formalization or flexibility, we examined studies that referenced the opposite of formalization, rules, and procedural limits, identifying only six studies (Allison, 1986;Gade, 2008;Garrison, 2001;Gladney, 1993;Schultz & Sheffer, 2008;Singer, 2004). The discussions usually pertained to change regarding journalists or reporters.…”