A Liquid Chromatography Method for Simultaneous Determination of Diphenhydramine, Promethazine, Chlorpheniramine and Ephedrine in Cold-Cough Syrups

Njuguna, Nicholas M.; Abuga, Kennedy O.; Kamau, FN; Thoithi, GN

doi:10.1007/s11094-017-1574-7

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…28,31 The proposed method also requires a minimal volume of organic solvent (2.0 mL) and produces a smaller amount of waste compared with a high performance liquid chromatographyultraviolet-visible detector (HPLC-UV). 26 In addition, the proposed extraction method used a small volume of organic solvent which is also less than those of other reports. 26,28,29 The total extraction time of our method was 35 min, which is longer than that required in liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and headspace-solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) as reported by Njuguna et al, 26 Nishikawa et al 30 and Rosenberger et al 33 However, an emulsion is obtained by the liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) method.…”

Section: Comparison With Other Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A stir bar sorptive extraction device coupled with a gas chromatography flame ionization detector for the determination of abused prescription drugs in lean cocktail samples

et al. 2022

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Section: Comparison With Other Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A stir bar sorptive extraction device coupled with a gas chromatography flame ionization detector for the determination of abused prescription drugs in lean cocktail samples

et al. 2022

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“…Promethazine detection has been reported using a variety of analytical approaches. Spectrophotometry [2], gas chromatography [8], HPLC [9], electrochemical sensing [10], and capillary electrophoresis [11] are some of the techniques used. All of these approaches, however, have disadvantages for routine promethazine analysis in pharmaceutical formulations samples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design a continuous microfluidic flow cell for turbidimetric-flow injection technology: A new approach for routine analysis of active pharmaceutical formulations

2022

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In this study, a new flow injection analysis (FIA) based on a microfluidic flow cell (MFC) with a sample capacity of 40 µL is described. A Tungsten lamp directs light from a typical 2100P Portable Turbidimeter apparatus into a quartz flow cell through a round sidewall aperture of 2.0 mm and emerges through the identical aperture on the opposite side of the flow cell, where a photodiode array (light detector) detects the passing light. When compared to a traditional cuvette (25 mm x 60 mm round) with the same nominal route length, this technique improves sensitivity by around 4.0. This improvement is due to the use of a short, narrow internal diameter microfluid as the flow cell, which reduces physical dispersion. The designed flow cell has been evaluated by developing a turbidimetric method for the detection of promethazine in pure form or pharmaceutical dosages. The developed method is based on forming of a yellowish ion-pair association complex due to the reaction of promethazine and sodium tetraphenylborate (STPB) in an acidic medium. At the flow optimum conditions, the calibration curve (CC) and the LOD for promethazine were obtained 0.5-90 µg mL-1 and 0.35 µg mL-1, respectively (R2 = 0.9955).

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“…The CPM generated by alkylating with 2-dimethylaminoethylchloride in the presence of sodium amide (Schema 1). Several methods have been reported for the determination of CPM maleate including, spectrophotometry [2], liquid chromatography [3], liquid chromatographymass spectrometry [4], gas chromatography [5], high performance liquid chromatography [6]. However, these instrumental methods have suffered some disadvantages such as time consuming, solventusage intensive and requires expensive devices and maintenance [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing an electrochemical sensor based on a carbon paste electrode modified with ZnO nanoparticles synthesized by microwave for determination of chlorpheniramine maleate

Asadollahzadeh

2021

AMECJournal

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Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles with an average size of 60 nm have been successfully prepared by microwave irradiation. Carbon paste electrode (CPE) was modified with ZnO nanoparticles and used for the electrochemical oxidation of chlorpheniramine maleate (CPM). Cyclic voltammetry (CV) study of the modified electrode indicated that the oxidation potential shifted towards a lower potential by approximately 106 mV and the peak current was enhanced by 2 fold in comparison to the bare CPE (ZnO/CPE-CV). The electrochemical behaviour was further described by characterization studies of scan rate, pH and concentration of CPM. Under the optimal conditions, the peak current was proportional to CPM concentration in the range of 8.0 ×10-7 to 1.0 × 10-3 mol L-1 with a detection limit of 5.0 × 10-7 mol L-1 by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The peak current of CPM is linear in the concentration range of 0.8 - 1000 µM (R2=0.998). The ZnO/CPE has good reproducibility and high stability for the determination of CPM using this electrode. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of CPM in pharmaceutical samples. In addition, the important analytical parameters were compared with other methods which show that ZnO/CPE-CV procedure is comparable to recently reported methods.

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A Liquid Chromatography Method for Simultaneous Determination of Diphenhydramine, Promethazine, Chlorpheniramine and Ephedrine in Cold-Cough Syrups

Cited by 14 publications

References 9 publications

A stir bar sorptive extraction device coupled with a gas chromatography flame ionization detector for the determination of abused prescription drugs in lean cocktail samples

A stir bar sorptive extraction device coupled with a gas chromatography flame ionization detector for the determination of abused prescription drugs in lean cocktail samples

Design a continuous microfluidic flow cell for turbidimetric-flow injection technology: A new approach for routine analysis of active pharmaceutical formulations

Developing an electrochemical sensor based on a carbon paste electrode modified with ZnO nanoparticles synthesized by microwave for determination of chlorpheniramine maleate

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