“…The use of peptides as therapeutic agents has increased recently, owing to their high potency, selectivity, tolerability, and safety profiles in humans. − For diagnostics, it is also important to monitor secretion of endogenous peptides such as hormones and cytokines. − For such therapeutic and bioanalytical applications, it is essential to have a sensitive, specific, and accurate method for peptide quantification. To date, various standard methods have been developed for peptide quantification, such as chromatographic assays (LC–MS/MS), electrophoretic immunoassays, radioimmunoassays (RIA), and enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). − However, complex instrumentation and high cost limit the application of chromatographic or electrophoretic methods in routine analysis. While ELISA is the classical analytical approach due to its high sensitivity and throughput, repeatability is sometimes an issue, and the ELISA workflow is prohibitive for many applications .…”