A liposome-encapsulated spin trap for the detection of nitric oxide

Hirsh, Donald J.; Schieler, Brittany; Fomchenko, Katherine M.; Jordan, Ethan T.; Bidle, Kay D.

doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.04.026

Cited by 12 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…DHA itself can also activate PCD independent of a prior oxidative burst, so there is evidence of distinct oxidative stress-dependent and -independent mechanisms in algae [83]. At the same time, environmental stresses (like exposure to aldehydes) trigger intracellular Ca 2+ transients and the rapid generation of NO [86,124,183] (Schieler et al, unpublished observations) either through the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) or nitrate reductase (NR) biochemical pathways [137][138][139]. While NO-associated proteins, which are directly involved in NO production, have been localized to the chloroplast, the subcellular location of NO production is currently unknown.…”

Section: Stress Signalling and Pcd Activationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Programmed Cell Death in Unicellular Phytoplankton

2016

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Unicellular, planktonic, prokaryotic and eukaryotic photoautotrophs (phytoplankton) have an ancient evolutionary history on Earth during which time they have played key roles in the regulation of marine food webs, biogeochemical cycles, and Earth's climate. Since they represent the basis of aquatic ecosystems, the manner in which phytoplankton die critically determines the flow and fate of photosynthetically fixed organic matter (and associated elements), ultimately constraining nutrient flow. Programmed cell death (PCD) and associated pathway genes, which are triggered by a variety of abiotic (nutrient, light, osmotic) and biotic (virus infection, allelopathy) environmental stresses, have an integral grip on cell fate, and have shaped the ecological success and evolutionary trajectory of diverse phytoplankton lineages. A combination of physiological, biochemical, and genetic techniques in model algal systems has demonstrated a conserved molecular and mechanistic framework of stress surveillance, signaling, and death activation pathways, involving collective and coordinated participation of organelles, redox enzymes, metabolites, and caspase-like proteases. This mechanistic understanding has provided insight into the integration of sensing and transduction of stress signals into cellular responses, and the mechanistic interfaces between PCD, cell stress and virus infection pathways. It has also provided insight into the evolution of PCD in unicellular photoautotrophs, the impact of PCD on the fate of natural phytoplankton assemblages and its role in aquatic biogeochemical cycles.

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Section: Stress Signalling and Pcd Activationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Programmed Cell Death in Unicellular Phytoplankton

2016

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“…One study demonstrated E. huxleyi growth rate and maximum cell densities increased in response to low levels of exogenously added NO [41]. In addition, we have previously shown that E. huxleyi cell lysates possess the enzymatic capacity to produce NO from nitrite and NADH via nitrate reductase [42]. There is, however, a notable gap in our knowledge of the mechanistic roles of this ubiquitous signaling molecule in E. huxleyi ecophysiology, including during viral infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Scavenging of intracellular NO leads to a dose-dependent reduction in viral burst sizes, indicating that NO is critical for maximal viral production in lab conditions. Using a novel liposome-enabled electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy method [42], we also show that elevated extracellular NO is observed during infection. Our work further suggests that intracellular NO production upregulates cellular antioxidant activity during the early stages of infection, keeping the cellular redox state favorable for viral replication.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitric oxide production and antioxidant function during viral infection of the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi

et al. 2019

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Emiliania huxleyi is a globally important marine phytoplankton that is routinely infected by viruses. Understanding the controls on the growth and demise of E. huxleyi blooms is essential for predicting the biogeochemical fate of their organic carbon and nutrients. In this study, we show that the production of nitric oxide (NO), a gaseous, membrane-permeable free radical, is a hallmark of early-stage lytic infection in E. huxleyi by Coccolithoviruses, both in culture and in natural populations in the North Atlantic. Enhanced NO production was detected both intra- and extra-cellularly in laboratory cultures, and treatment of cells with an NO scavenger significantly reduced viral production. Pre-treatment of exponentially growing E. huxleyi cultures with the NO donor S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) prior to challenge with hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) led to greater cell survival, suggesting that NO may have a cellular antioxidant function. Indeed, cell lysates generated from cultures treated with SNAP and undergoing infection displayed enhanced ability to detoxify H 2 O 2 . Lastly, we show that fluorescent indicators of cellular ROS, NO, and death, in combination with classic DNA- and lipid-based biomarkers of infection, can function as real-time diagnostic tools to identify and contextualize viral infection in natural E. huxleyi blooms.

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“…Significant production of NO was also observed in E. huxleyi populations, both in virus-infected cultures and in natural populations in the ocean (Bidle, 2015;Hirsh et al, 2016). Indeed it appears that phytoplankton communities share information in complex manners facilitating communication between cells.…”

Section: Phytoplankton Communication and Coordinated Behaviormentioning

confidence: 93%

Multicellular Features of Phytoplankton

Abada

Segev

2018

Front. Mar. Sci.

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Microscopic marine phytoplankton drift freely in the ocean, harvesting sunlight through photosynthesis. These unicellular microorganisms account for half of the primary productivity on Earth and play pivotal roles in the biogeochemistry of our planet (Field et al., 1998). The major groups of microalgae that comprise the phytoplankton community are coccolithophores, diatoms and dinoflagellates. In present oceans, phytoplankton individuals and populations are forced to rapidly adjust, as key chemical and physical parameters defining marine habitats are changing globally. Here we propose that microalgal populations often display the characteristics of a multicellular-like community rather than a random collection of individuals. Evolution of multicellularity entails a continuum of events starting from single cells that go through aggregation or clonal divisions (Brunet and King, 2017). Phytoplankton may be an intermediate state between single cells and aggregates of physically attached cells that communicate and co-operate; perhaps an evolutionary snapshot toward multicellularity. In this opinion article, we journey through several studies conducted in two key phytoplankton groups, coccolithophores and diatoms, to demonstrate how observations in these studies could be interpreted in a multicellular context.

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A liposome-encapsulated spin trap for the detection of nitric oxide

Cited by 12 publications

References 55 publications

Programmed Cell Death in Unicellular Phytoplankton

Programmed Cell Death in Unicellular Phytoplankton

Nitric oxide production and antioxidant function during viral infection of the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi

Multicellular Features of Phytoplankton

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