A linguistic steganography framework using Arabic calligraphy

Hamzah, Ali Abdullah; Khattab, Sherif; Bayomi, Hanaa

doi:10.1016/j.jksuci.2019.04.015

Cited by 11 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Arabic, which consists of "points" or "dots", is also used in text steganography, as seen in [43,[47][48][49][50][51]67]. Some alphabets contain points and word diacritics.…”

Section: Discussion and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[66] focused on semantic-based text steganography to hide secret information by replacing words with their synonyms. In [67], Arabic calligraphy was used to hide information using Arabic poetry and proverbs as datasets, with one shape of Arabic letters (Naskh font) and a modified AC*. Ref.…”

Section: Discussion and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another work in the linguistic text steganography technique was proposed in [67], where Arabic symbols hide data. Proverbs and other figures of speech are used as datasets.…”

Section: Linguisticmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A Review on Text Steganography Techniques

et al. 2021

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There has been a persistent requirement for safeguarding documents and the data they contain, either in printed or electronic form. This is because the fabrication and faking of documents is prevalent globally, resulting in significant losses for individuals, societies, and industrial sectors, in addition to national security. Therefore, individuals are concerned about protecting their work and avoiding these unlawful actions. Different techniques, such as steganography, cryptography, and coding, have been deployed to protect valuable information. Steganography is an appropriate method, in which the user is able to conceal a message inside another message (cover media). Most of the research on steganography utilizes cover media, such as videos, images, and sounds. Notably, text steganography is usually not given priority because of the difficulties in identifying redundant bits in a text file. To embed information within a document, its attributes must be changed. These attributes may be non-displayed characters, spaces, resized fonts, or purposeful misspellings scattered throughout the text. However, this would be detectable by an attacker or other third party because of the minor change in the document. To address this issue, it is necessary to change the document in such a manner that the change would not be visible to the eye, but could still be decoded using a computer. In this paper, an overview of existing research in this area is provided. First, we provide basic information about text steganography and its general procedure. Next, three classes of text steganography are explained: statistical and random generation, format-based methodologies, and linguistics. The techniques related to each class are analyzed, and particularly the manner in which a unique strategy is provided for hiding secret data. Furthermore, we review the existing works in the development of approaches and algorithms related to text steganography; this review is not exhaustive, and covers research published from 2016 to 2021. This paper aims to assist fellow researchers by compiling the current methods, challenges, and future directions in this field.

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“…Arabic, which consists of "points" or "dots", is also used in text steganography, as seen in [43,[47][48][49][50][51]67]. Some alphabets contain points and word diacritics.…”

Section: Discussion and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussion and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A Review on Text Steganography Techniques

et al. 2021

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“…As with Arabic text steganography approaches, it makes use of the language's characteristics to conceal the hidden meaning. 11,12 Structure-based steganography modifies the layout of physical documents to conceal sensitive information. Spelling mistakes, font resizing, and space injecting are text steganographic methods.…”

Section: Text Steganographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Stacked multi‐layer security for Hadoop distributed file system using HSCT steganography

Suganya

Selvamuthukumaran²

2023

Concurrency and Computation

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SummaryBig data needs to have scalable storage platforms as well as parallel processing environments. Hadoop is preferable because it is an open‐source software which works in a distributed, parallel processing environment and no need of any special hardware. In recent developments of Hadoop, security was introduced as optional. A symmetric block cipher advanced encryption standard (AES) is used for encryption. A 128 MB block of data needs 8 million encryptions. A better way of hiding the data from unauthorized access is preferable. Steganography, a more contemporary security technology than cryptography, is the art and science of hiding subconscious information in hidden item while exposing opponents their existence. The cover is an image, and the secret information may be a photo, music, video, or text. A double layer hexcode substituted–color space transformed (HSCT) steganography with 3 band splitting of data ensures confidentiality of the data and one time pad key generated with client's ID provides authentication also. Considering the volume of data, steganography concept is much faster than AES or any other cipher. Hiding the data inside the random images will indulge in fast reconstruction of data when needed for processing using either MapReduce or tools like spark.

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“…Moreover, most Unicode text steganography techniques suffer from low capacity [10]. White-space-based used to hide information in the text by inserting extra space between words and at the end of a line or a paragraph [49][50][51][52][53][54].…”

Section: B Text Steganographymentioning

confidence: 99%

CSNTSteg: Color Spacing Normalization Text Steganography Model to Improve Capacity and Invisibility of Hidden Data

et al. 2022

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The rapid growth of online communication has increased the demand for secure communication. Most government entities, healthcare providers, the legal sector, financial and banking, and other industries are vulnerable to information security issues. Text steganography is one way to protect secure communication by hiding secret messages in the cover text. Hiding a high amount of secret information without raising the attacker's suspicion is the main challenge in steganography. This paper proposes the Color and Spacing Normalization stego (CSNTSteg) model to resolve the low capacity and invisibility problem on text steganography. CSNTSteg consists of two stages: the pre-embedding stage, which achieves high capacity by utilizing RGB coding and character spacing. It is designed to increase the number of bits per location and usable characters. Besides, it applies the Huffman coding technique to compress the secret message to add more capacity enhancement. The second stage is color and spacing normalization, which accomplishes high invisibility by normalizing the RGB coding and character spacing of the cover and stego text. CSNTSteg overcomes the color differences issue between the cover and stego texts regardless of the color of the cover text. To assess the quality of CSNTSteg, the experimental results are compared with existing works. CSNTSteg shows superior capacity over the existing studies with a percentage of 98.85%. CSNTSteg also achieves high invisibility by reducing the color differences with a percentage of 4.7% and 5.07% for black and colored cover text, respectively. Furthermore, CSNTSteg improves robustness by 94.22% by reducing the distortion in stego text. Overall, the CSNTSteg model embeds a high capacity of secret data while maintaining invisibility and security, offering a new perspective on text steganography to protect against visual and statistical attack issues.

show abstract

A linguistic steganography framework using Arabic calligraphy

Cited by 11 publications

References 15 publications

A Review on Text Steganography Techniques

A Review on Text Steganography Techniques

Stacked multi‐layer security for Hadoop distributed file system using HSCT steganography

CSNTSteg: Color Spacing Normalization Text Steganography Model to Improve Capacity and Invisibility of Hidden Data

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