A Linear Programming Approach to the Development of Contrail Reduction Strategies Satisfying Operationally Feasible Constraints

Wei, Peng; Sridhar, Banavar; Chen, Neil Yi-Nan; Sun, Dengfent

doi:10.2514/6.2012-4754

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(18 reference statements)

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“…However, these restrictions generally imply more fuel burn, thus more emissions, and add congestion to the already crowded airspace at lower altitudes. Sridhar, 7 Chen, 8 and Wei 9 proposed contrail reduction strategies by altering an aircraft's cruising altitude in a fuel-efficient way, but these strategies did not address the environmental impact from aircraft emissions. Recently, the Absolute Global Temperature Potential was introduced in Ref.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating Tradeoff between Environmental Impact and Operational Costs for Enroute Air Traffic

Chen

Sridhar

et al. 2014

AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference

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The rapid growth of air traffic has drawn attention to aircraft-induced environmental impact. Aviation operations affect the environment mainly through the release of emissions and by the formation of contrails. Recent research has shown that altering aircraft cruise altitudes can reduce aviation environmental impact by reducing Absolute Global Temperature Change Potential, a climate assessment metric that adapts a linear system for modeling the global temperature response to aviation emissions and contrails. However, these methods will increase fuel consumption that leads to higher operational costs imposed on airlines resulting in reluctance to adopt a new routing strategy. This paper evaluates the tradeoff between environmental impact reduction and the corresponding added operational costs for enroute air traffic. The concept of social cost of carbon and the carbon auction price from California's recent cap-and-trade system were used to provide estimates and a methodology to evaluate environmental costs for carbon dioxide emissions and contrail formations. Depending on the specific environmental policy, the strategy is considered favorable when the reduction in environmental costs exceeds the increase in operational costs. The results show how the net environmental benefit varies with different decision-making time horizons, different carbon and fuel costs, and different days. The study provides guidance towards the development of the environmental reduction strategies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating Tradeoff between Environmental Impact and Operational Costs for Enroute Air Traffic

Chen

Sridhar

et al. 2014

AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference

Self Cite

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“…Prevailing approaches for modeling the spatial adjustment of flight trajectories include mathematical programming, simulation, and optimal control. [54] develops a linear program with binary decision variables for flight level allocation subject to operational feasibility constraints. Also, a linear program with binary decision variables is used by [15] to consider a tradeoff between contrail formation and emissions in the US airspace.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flight trajectory design in the presence of contrails: Application of a multiphase mixed-integer optimal control approach

Soler

Zou

Hansen

2014

Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies

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In this paper we study the 4D trajectory planning problem in a contrail sensitive environment. We identify the control inputs that steer the aircraft from the initial fix to the final fix following a horizontal route of waypoints while performing step climbs and descents, in order to minimize the overall flying cost of fuel consumption, CO 2 emissions, passenger travel time, and persistent contrail formation. The optimal trajectory design problem is formulated as a multiphase mixed integer optimal control problem, which is converted into a mixed integer non-linear program by first making the unknown switching times part of the state, then applying a Hermite-Simpson direct collocation method, and finally introducing binary variables to model the decision making. We solve the mixed-integer nonlinear program using a branch-and-bound algorithm. The numerical results show the effectiveness of the approach.

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“…However, these restrictions generally imply more fuel burn, thus more emissions. Sridhar, 11 Chen, 12 and Wei 13 proposed contrail reduction strategies by altering an aircraft's cruising altitude in a fuel-efficient way, but these strategies did not address the environmental impact from aircraft emissions. Recently, the Absolute Global Temperature Potential (AGTP), a climate assessment metric that adapts a linear system for modeling the global temperature response to aviation emissions and contrails, was introduced in Ref.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Flights for Cost-Efficient Climate Impact Reduction

Chen

Kirschen

Sridhar

et al. 2014

AIAA/3AF Aircraft Noise and Emissions Reduction Symposium

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The aircraft-induced climate impact has drawn attention in recent years. Aviation operations affect the environment mainly through the release of carbon-dioxide, nitrogen-oxides, and by the formation of contrails. Recent research has shown that altering trajectories can reduce aviation environmental cost by reducing Absolute Global Temperature Change Potential, a climate assessment metric that adapts a linear system for modeling the global temperature response to aviation emissions and contrails. However, these methods will increase fuel consumption that leads to higher fuel costs imposed on airlines. The goal of this work is to identify flights for which the environmental cost of climate impact reduction outweighs the increase in operational cost on an individual aircraft basis. Environmental cost is quantified using the monetary social cost of carbon. The increase in operational cost is considering cost of additional fuel usage only. For this paper, an algorithm has been developed that modifies the trajectories of flights to evaluate the effect of environmental cost and operational cost of flights in the United States National Airspace System. The algorithm identifies flights for which the environmental cost of climate impact can be reduced and modifies their trajectories to achieve maximum environmental net benefit, which is the difference between reduction in environmental cost and additional operational cost. The result shows on a selected day, 16% of the flights among eight major airlines, or 2,043 flights, can achieve environmental net benefit using weather forecast data, resulting in net benefit of around $500,000. The result also suggests that the long-haul flights would be better candidates for cost-efficient climate impact reduction than the short haul flights. The algorithm will help to identify the characteristics of flights that are capable of applying cost-efficient climate impact reduction strategy.

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A Linear Programming Approach to the Development of Contrail Reduction Strategies Satisfying Operationally Feasible Constraints

Cited by 5 publications

References 23 publications

Evaluating Tradeoff between Environmental Impact and Operational Costs for Enroute Air Traffic

Evaluating Tradeoff between Environmental Impact and Operational Costs for Enroute Air Traffic

Flight trajectory design in the presence of contrails: Application of a multiphase mixed-integer optimal control approach

Identification of Flights for Cost-Efficient Climate Impact Reduction

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