A lightweight mainstream capnometer with very low dead space volume is useful monitor for neonates with spontanous and mechanical ventilation: Pilot study

Abstract

Objects: The purpose of this study was to observe a correlation between P<SUB>ET</SUB>CO<SUB>2</SUB> and PaCO<SUB>2</SUB> in intubated neonates under intermittent mandatory ventilation with spontaneous breathing. Material and methods: A total of 55 paired P<SUB>ET</SUB>CO<SUB>2</SUB> measured by mainstream capnometry and PaCO<SUB>2</SUB> values were obtained from 4 intubated neonates in our neonatal intensive care units at Nagano Children’s Hospital, Nagano, Japan. Results: P<SUB>ET</SUB>CO<SUB>2</SUB> and PaCO<SUB>2</SUB> were significantly correlated (r<sup>2</sup> = 0.928, p < 0.0001). For samples in ventilated neonates with spontaneous breathing, maximum P<SUB>ET</SUB>CO<SUB>2</SUB> and mean P<SUB>ET</SUB>CO<SUB>2</SUB> correlated strongly with PaCO<SUB>2</SUB> (maximum P<SUB>ET</SUB>CO<SUB>2</SUB>: r<sup>2</sup> = 0.9401, p < 0.0001; mean P<SUB>ET</SUB>CO<SUB>2</SUB>: r<sup>2</sup> = 0.8587, p < 0.0001). Although PaCO<SUB>2</SUB> also correlated with minimum P<SUB>ET</SUB>CO<SUB>2</SUB> (r<sup>2</sup> = 0.2884, p < 0.01) in ventilated infants with spontaneous breathing, a significant difference was seen with maximum P<SUB>ET</SUB>CO<SUB>2</SUB> (p < 0.05) and mean P<SUB>ET</SUB>CO<SUB>2</SUB> (p < 0.05) in the correlation coefficient r between PaCO<SUB>2</SUB> and P<SUB>ET</SUB>CO<SUB>2</SUB>. Conclusion: Present study showed that a good correlation exists between P<SUB>ET</SUB>CO<SUB>2</SUB> and PaCO<SUB>2</SUB> in intubated neonates under intermittent mandatory ventilation with spontaneous breathing. Lightweight with low amounts of dead space mainstream capnometry can be used as noninvasive monitor in incubated neonates with spontaneous breathing

A Low-Cost Breath Analyzer Module in Domiciliary Non-Invasive Mechanical Ventilation for Remote COPD Patient Monitoring

“…Alveolar equilibrium values (P A O 2 and P A CO 2 ) lie between those of the blood vessels and inhaled air and they can be measured by evaluating the values at the end-tidal of exhalation [37] (Figure 1). By monitoring end tidal O 2 and CO 2 , it is thus possible to check continuously the status of hypoxemia and/or hypercapnia; the frequency of invasive hemogasanalysis could be reduced only to the necessary cases [38]. Exhaled O 2 offer complementary information to blood oxygen saturation level (SpO 2 ); SpO 2 is expressed as a percentage of the maximum amount of oxygen that hemoglobin in the blood can carry and it is commonly measured by pulse oximetry.…”