A light-entrained circadian clock controls transcription of several plant genes.

Giuliano, Giovanni; Hoffman, Neil E.; Ko, Kenton; Scolnik, Pablo A.; Cashmore, Anthony R.

doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1988.tb03244.x

Cited by 167 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Patterns 3 and 4, characterized by an increase at the beginning of the day and a decrease in the second part of the day, are similar to those found for the small subunit of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase in pea (13), for light-harvesting complex protein in tobacco (25), for cab in tomato (9,18), and for cab9 1 R in Petunia (28). All of these previously described rhythms are circadian.…”

Section: Diumal Rhythmicity In Spot Intensitysupporting

confidence: 70%

“…On the other hand, several recent studies have demonstrated diurnal or circadian rhythmicity in the level of specific mRNAs (8,9,13,18,21,25,28 (6). Gels were prepared for fluorography using Amplify (Amersham, UK) and exposed to preflashed Kodak X-Omat AR film, 48 Leaves of S. alba were harvested and their mRNA analyzed at the beginning (0 h), middle (4 h), and end of the day (8 h) as well as three times during the following night (12,16, and 20 h).…”

Section: Plant Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diurnal Rhythmicity in the Pattern of mRNAs in the Leaves of Sinapis alba

et al. 1990

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Previous studies have shown that certain specific leaf mRNAs exhibit a diumal rhythmicity in their quantity in higher plants. To determine whether this situation is restricted to a few mRNAs, or affects a large number, we have used in vitro translation and twodimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to analyze the mRNA complement in leaves of Sinapis alba at different times during an 8-hour/16-hour day/night cycle. A method for the visual analysis of two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was also developed. This method selected, at each sampling time, spots that were significant. It then selected, between two sampling times, intensity changes that were significant at the 0.02 confidence level. During a day/night cycle, complex rhythmic changes affected about 10% of the mRNAs. Nineteen different rhythm pattems were found. These 19 patterns fell into four main classes: mRNAs that increase during the light period and decrease during the dark, mRNAs that increase and then decrease during the light period, mRNAs that decrease during the light period and increase during the dark period, and mRNAs that increase and then decrease during the dark period.represents a large part of them, we have used in vitro translation and 2D2-PAGE according to the method of O'Farrell (23) to analyze the mRNA complement in the leaves of adult vegetative plants of Sinapis alba at different times during a day/night cycle. Because we were not interested in analyzing only a few spots, but rather all the polypeptides found in the gels, we started by developing a reliable procedure to analyze the electrophoretograms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Plant Material

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Section: Diumal Rhythmicity In Spot Intensitysupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Plant Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diurnal Rhythmicity in the Pattern of mRNAs in the Leaves of Sinapis alba

et al. 1990

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the unicellular dinoflagellate, Gonyaulax polyedra, the circadian rhythm in whole chain electron transport is related to the rhythm in PSII electron transport ( 18). Neither in higher plants ( 15) nor in algae (4) has a rhythm in Rubisco activity (or in any other aspect of the dark reactions) been substantiated, despite the fact that transcription and mRNA levels of the gene for the small subunit of Rubisco appear to be under circadian control (9,20).Recent work with P. vulgaris, in which circadian rhythms in conductance and photosynthesis were in phase and of similar period duration (-24.5 h), demonstrated that the intrinsic rate of photosynthesis, independent of stomatal effects, is under circadian control (10). Using this species, we examined several key enzyme activities and metabolite levels of the Calvin cycle to determine whether any were correlated with the endogenous rhythm in photosynthesis in extended periods of constant light.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical Correlates of the Circadian Rhythm in Photosynthesis in Phaseolus vulgaris

Fredeen

Hennessey²,

Field³

1991

Plant Physiol.

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A circadian rhythm in photosynthesis occurs in Phaseolus vulgaris after transfer from a natural or artificial light:dark cycle to constant light. The rhythm in photosynthesis persists even when intercellular CO2 partial pressure is held constant, demonstrating that the rhythm in photosynthesis is not entirely due to stomatal control over the diffusion of CO2. Experiments were conducted to attempt to elucidate biochemical correlates with the circadian rhythm in photosynthesis. Plants were entrained to a 12-hourday:12-hour-night light regimen and then monitored or sampled during a subsequent period of constant light. We observed circadian oscillations in ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) levels, and to a lesser extent in phosphoglyceric acid (PGA) levels, that closely paralleled oscillations in photosynthesis. However, the enzyme activity and activation state of the enzyme responsible for the conversion of RuBP to PGA, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase, showed no discernible circadian oscillation. Hence, we examined the possibility of circadian effects on RuBP regeneration. Neither ribulose-5-phosphate kinase activity nor the level of ATP fluctuated in constant light. Oscillations in triose-phosphate levels were out of phase with those observed for RuBP and PGA. eolus vulgaris, Glycine max, and Pisum sativum (14) are correlated with rhythms in photosynthesis. In the unicellular dinoflagellate, Gonyaulax polyedra, the circadian rhythm in whole chain electron transport is related to the rhythm in PSII electron transport ( 18). Neither in higher plants ( 15) nor in algae (4) has a rhythm in Rubisco activity (or in any other aspect of the dark reactions) been substantiated, despite the fact that transcription and mRNA levels of the gene for the small subunit of Rubisco appear to be under circadian control (9,20).Recent work with P. vulgaris, in which circadian rhythms in conductance and photosynthesis were in phase and of similar period duration (-24.5 h), demonstrated that the intrinsic rate of photosynthesis, independent of stomatal effects, is under circadian control (10). Using this species, we examined several key enzyme activities and metabolite levels of the Calvin cycle to determine whether any were correlated with the endogenous rhythm in photosynthesis in extended periods of constant light. MATERIALS AND METHODS Growth ConditionsEndogenous rhythms in photosynthesis and stomatal conductance have been demonstrated for many higher plant species (3,5,11,15). Although stomata exert control over Ci3 and, thus, carbon assimilation, the degree ofcoupling between rhythms in photosynthesis and conductance has only recently been addressed (10). In various algae, which lack stomata, endogenous rhythms in oxygen evolution have been observed for many years (2, 4), suggesting that nonstomatal processes may also be modulated by circadian rhythms in higher plants.Other laboratories have provided biochemical evidence to suggest that certain components of the light reactions of photosynthesis are under cir...

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“…After the discovery of circadian regulation of mRNA levels (19), evidence accumulated suggesting that transcription of light-regulated genes is primarily under the control of the circadian clock (14) and that signal perception occurs via phytochrome (27). Moreover, the phase of the endogeneous clock can be shifted via phytochrome (27).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Heat Shock on Morphogenesis in Barley

Beator¹,

Pötter²,

Kloppstech³

1992

Plant Physiol.

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The effect of daily heat-shock treatments on gene expression and morphogenesis of etiolated barley (Hordeum vulgare) was investigated. Heat-shock treatments in the dark induced shortening of the primary leaves and the coleoptiles to the length of those in light-grown plantlets. In addition, the mRNA levels of the lightinduced genes that were investigated were raised under these conditions and showed distinct oscillations over a period of at least 3 d. While the mRNA levels for chlorophyll a/b binding protein (LHC II), plastocyanin, and the small subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase had maxima between 8 and 12 PM (12-16 h after the last heat-shock treatment), the mRNA levels for thionin oscillated with a phase opposed to that of LHC II. Etiolated barley, the circadian oscillator of which was synchronized by cyclic heatshock treatments, was illuminated for a constant interval at different times of the day; this led to the finding that greening was fastest at the time when the maximal levels of mRNA for LHC II were also observed. Whereas After the discovery of circadian regulation of mRNA levels (19), evidence accumulated suggesting that transcription of light-regulated genes is primarily under the control of the circadian clock (14) and that signal perception occurs via phytochrome (27). Moreover, the phase of the endogeneous clock can be shifted via phytochrome (27). Thus, a primary synchronization between the circadian rhythm of gene expression and the external factor light can be achieved. These findings imply an interaction of phytochrome with the mechanism of the circadian oscillator itself. The signal chain(s) that leads from the receptor(s) via the endogeneous clock mechanism to the transcription of genes is not yet known.To understand more closely the potential effect of circadian rhythm on gene expression and morphogenesis, we studied the influence of external signals (zeitgeber) other than light. Of these, temperature shifts appeared well suited because alterations in the ambient temperature affect the phase of the circadian rhythm (26). The positive effect of temperature oscillations on development was shown in experiments in which it was found that plants grown under constant environmental conditions do not develop properly, whereas a diurnal fluctuation of temperature under otherwise constant conditions has a normalizing effect on plant development (16).In previous studies (20), we have shown that HS2 treatments and diurnal temperature shifts during emergence of pea seedlings in the dark cause morphogenetic changes that are very similar to those induced by far-red light: plumulae are developed, the hooks opened, and the stems shortened. These 'photomorphogenetic' characteristics are accompanied by elevated levels of nuclear-coded, light-inducible mRNAs for LHC II and SSU. ELIPs are another group of lightregulated genes (15); the regulation in their steady-state mRNA level remains entirely light dependent in etiolated pea seedlings whose circadian oscillations were entrained by te...

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A light-entrained circadian clock controls transcription of several plant genes.

Cited by 167 publications

References 19 publications

Diurnal Rhythmicity in the Pattern of mRNAs in the Leaves of Sinapis alba

Diurnal Rhythmicity in the Pattern of mRNAs in the Leaves of Sinapis alba

Biochemical Correlates of the Circadian Rhythm in Photosynthesis in Phaseolus vulgaris

The Effect of Heat Shock on Morphogenesis in Barley

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