A Life Cycle Analysis of Incremental Oil Produced via CO2 EOR

The potential of decarbonising rice and wheat by incorporating carbon capture, utilisation and storage into fertiliser production

“…CO 2 makes the oil reduce its viscosity 59 because CO 2 is miscible with oil. 60 Simplified calculations can give an idea related to the reduction of CO 2 emissions and the benefit for the co-production of grain and crude oil. The CO 2 accounted for is the one generated by transporting CO 2 , burning the oil extracted by injecting CO 2 , and the remaining 22.5% of the CO 2 that is not captured in the ammonia plant.…”

“…For LCA of EOR, oil and electricity are the primary product and the coproduct. 54 In this work, there are two products: (1) grain (rice or wheat) as the primary product and (2) oil as a coproduct. According to ref.…”

“…The CO 2 equivalent emitted by the segment EOR operation is based on ref. 54 and 55 using eqn (8) and 9, and the following parameters: the incremental oil per tonne of CO 2 injected (ϕ uf ) of 1.49 bbl per tonne CO 2 , 61 and the CO 2 where EC EOR/grain is the CO 2 equivalent emitted by the EOR operation segment (kgCO 2 eq per tonne grain), EC is the CO 2 equivalent emitted per incremental oil produced which is defined as the amount of CO 2 emitted by one barrel of oil (kgCO 2 eq per bbl), IO is the total incremental oil produced by using CO 2 captured in the ammonia plant (bbl per tonne grain), ϕ u is a factor (bbl per tonne CO 2 ) that is defined as the amount of incremental oil per tonne of CO 2 injected. 3.…”

“…The CO 2 emitted by the last segment (oil transport refining, fuel transport, and fuel combustion) termed the downstream segment is estimated and the parameter EC oil = 485 kgCO 2 eq per bbl. 54 For example, with respect to paddy rice produced in Bangladesh, CO 2 emitted by downstream segments is explained according to following eqn (10): Based on the same amount of oil generated by EOR, CO 2 equivalent by using conventional oil production is estimated to determine the increment or the reduction of CO 2 equivalent. The boundary of the life cycle for conventional oil production is shown in Fig.…”

The Anthropocene and CO2: Processes of Capture and Conversion

“…106 O aumento da produção de petróleo repercute em redução de emissões de CO2 somente quando se emprega CO2 de fontes antropogênicas, segundo recente estudo de análise de ciclo de vida realizado para EOR. [111][112][113] Os caminhos que estão sendo apontados são os processos híbridos integrando a captura e conversão em plantas industriais, com a utilização de biomassa ou acoplando energias renováveis, como a solar, ou biotecnológicos em grande escala. São caminhos que demandarão a participação de pesquisadores das mais diversas áreas com a integração da indústria e também de políticas governamentais, quando necessário, que é o escopo do desafio da mitigação climática, a integração em favor da sustentabilidade, a cooperação como processo reflexivo exigido pela discussão do Antropoceno.…”