“…The result of determination of gene expression using qRT-PCR can be attributed to the quinic acid found which can be used as effective drug candidate against PCa, due its pharmacokinetic properties (Inbathamizh and Padmini, 2013). On the other hand, a research investigated the effect of liquorice roots extractions on hepatocellular carcinoma cells and they found that an initiation of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest through activating AMPK and p53 and stressed on its unfavorable effects (Abdel-Wahab et al, 2020). Hence, the using of liquorice for prevention and therapy should be used with care.…”
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a malignant tumor that usually caused by many epigenetic alteration that lead to uncontrolled proliferation, differentiation and invasion to nearby tissues. Different types of treatment for patients of PCa have been applied including surgery, radiation, hormone and chemo-therapy. This work presented an experimental study for using low-cost and ecologically friendly Egypt plants' extracts (garlic, cinnamon and liquorice) that have been dissolved in DEMSO for the treatment of PCa. To evaluate the potential effect of the selected extracts on, PC3 cells, MTT assay, qRT-PCR and ELISA techniques were studied. The results showed that the garlic extract exhibited a significant cytotoxic effect against PC3. It was significantly increased the production of relative LDH in the treated cells rather than the extracts of cinnamon and liquorice. Also, it was found that garlic components effects on proapoptotic signaling including P53, Caspase-3 and modulates the Raf-1 signaling pathway, and downregulating the RAF/MEK/ERK pathway in PC3 cells compared with the effects of cinnamon and liquorice extractions. ELISA results indicated that the mean concentrations of IL-1α and IL-6 highly increased after 24h. In conclusion, the garlic extract was found to have an ability to adjust the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Meanwhile, garlic based herbal can be used as effective and harmless anti-cancer agent for PCa treatment.
“…The result of determination of gene expression using qRT-PCR can be attributed to the quinic acid found which can be used as effective drug candidate against PCa, due its pharmacokinetic properties (Inbathamizh and Padmini, 2013). On the other hand, a research investigated the effect of liquorice roots extractions on hepatocellular carcinoma cells and they found that an initiation of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest through activating AMPK and p53 and stressed on its unfavorable effects (Abdel-Wahab et al, 2020). Hence, the using of liquorice for prevention and therapy should be used with care.…”
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a malignant tumor that usually caused by many epigenetic alteration that lead to uncontrolled proliferation, differentiation and invasion to nearby tissues. Different types of treatment for patients of PCa have been applied including surgery, radiation, hormone and chemo-therapy. This work presented an experimental study for using low-cost and ecologically friendly Egypt plants' extracts (garlic, cinnamon and liquorice) that have been dissolved in DEMSO for the treatment of PCa. To evaluate the potential effect of the selected extracts on, PC3 cells, MTT assay, qRT-PCR and ELISA techniques were studied. The results showed that the garlic extract exhibited a significant cytotoxic effect against PC3. It was significantly increased the production of relative LDH in the treated cells rather than the extracts of cinnamon and liquorice. Also, it was found that garlic components effects on proapoptotic signaling including P53, Caspase-3 and modulates the Raf-1 signaling pathway, and downregulating the RAF/MEK/ERK pathway in PC3 cells compared with the effects of cinnamon and liquorice extractions. ELISA results indicated that the mean concentrations of IL-1α and IL-6 highly increased after 24h. In conclusion, the garlic extract was found to have an ability to adjust the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Meanwhile, garlic based herbal can be used as effective and harmless anti-cancer agent for PCa treatment.
“…For instance, the licorice roots extract can induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest of HCC cells via modulating tumor suppressor miRNAs, inhibiting HIF1α, PI3 K, C-Myc and activating AMPK and p53 pathway. 18 As another example, Oleanolic acid attenuates the development of HCC by inducing autophagy and promoting apoptosis. 19 TEH, along with the other 2 ingredients (tenacissoside I and G), is extracted form Marsdenia tenacissima and has been found with anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects.…”
Tenacissoside H (TEH), which has anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects, is a major active ingredient extracted from the stem of Marsdenia tenacissima. However, the effect of TEH on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) as well as the underlying mechanisms are still indistinct. Presently, HCC cells (including Huh-7 and HepG2) were dealt with different concentrations of TEH. The proliferation and apoptosis of HCC cells were determined via Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8) assay and flow cytometry. In addition, Western blot was conducted to evaluate the expressions of autophagy—and apoptosis-related proteins. Tissue immunofluorescence was carried out to evaluate LC3B expression in the tumor tissues. The data showed that TEH suppressed the growth of HCC cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Besides, TEH enhanced radiosensitivity and promoted the apoptosis of HCC cells. Moreover, the mRNA and protein levels of autophagy-related genes (LC3-II/LC2-I, ATG5, Beclin-1) were significantly promoted by TEH. Mechanistically, TEH attenuated the activation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. However, inhibition of PI3 K pathway abolished the anti-tumor effects of TEH in HCC cells. Collectively, this study suggested that TEH increases the radiosensitivity of HCC cells via inducing autophagy and apoptosis through downregulating PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
“…Glycyrrhizin along and other phytoconstituents present in liquorice followed various metabolic pathways are discussed and described in figure 2 ( Zhao et al, 2018 ; Abdel-Wahab et al, 2021 ). Figure 2 Metabolic pathway of roots of G. glabra L. …”
Background
Glycyrrhiza glabra
L. (
G. glabra
) commonly known as liquorice is one of the highly exploited and utilized medicinal plant of the world. Since ancient times liquorice is considered as an auspicious and valuable traditional medicine across the world for treatment of various ailments.
Method
Several electronic online scientific databases such as Science Direct, PubMed, Scopus, Scifinder, Google Scholar, online books and reports were assessed for collecting information. All the collected information was classified into different sections to meet the objective of the paper.
Results
The electronic database search yielded 3908 articles from different countries. Out of them one ninety-eight articles published between 1956 and 2021 were included, corresponding to all detailed review on
G. glabra
and research on anti-inflammatories, antivirals and immunomodulatory through pre-clinical and clinical models. From all selective area of studies on
G. glabra
and its bioactive components it was established (including molecular mechanisms) as a suitable remedy as per the current requirement of pandemic situation arise through respiratory tract infection.
Conclusion
Different relevant studies have been thoroughly reviewed to gain an insight on utility of liquorice and its bioactive constituents for several pharmacological emphasizing anti-inflammatories, antivirals and immunomodulatory effects with special emphasized for prevention and treatment of COVID-19 infection with possible mechanism of action at molecular level. Proposed directions for future research are also outlined to encourage researchers to find out various mechanistic targets and useful value added products of liquorice in future investigations.
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