A learning approach to the treatment of homosexuality

Treatment of Alcoholics and Drug Addicts by Verbal Aversion Techniques

“…An exception is a study by Gold and Neufeld (1965) who used a verbal aversion techniquc with homosexuals. The present author has used a verbal aversion technique with alcoholics and drug addicts since August 1965 (Anant, 1966;.…”

Concepts, Results, and Applications

“…By the time Wolpe's seminal work was published in 1958, imaginal presentation had become a standard aspect of systematic desensitization. Other early uses of imagery by behavior therapists included Gold and Neufeld (1965), Kolvin (1967), Lazarus (1958), Lazarus and Abramovity (~962), McGuire andValence (1964), andStampfl (1967). Bell (1976) has pointed out that the application of behavior therapy techniques such as syste~ atic desensitization has made respectable the discussion of topics such as mental imagery, imagination, and other cognitive functions.…”

Parameters of therapeutic imagery: Directions from case studies.

“…Other instructional procedures aiming to reduce the frequency of inappropriate approach behavior have also paralleled learning theory principles. Gold & Neufeld (1965) reported success in reducing homosexual behavior by a technique in which the client was instructed to imagine homosexual stimuli in the context of other imaginal stimuli (e.g., a nearby policeman) which would prohibit the occurrence of homosexually related responses. In Cautela's (1971) description of the covert extinction procedure, the client was instructed to imagine primary scenes in which he engaged in symptom-related behavior and then was instructed to imagine the behavior having no effect on the environment.…”

“…(b) The wide range of diagnostic entities to which imagery techniques have been applied 163 also appears to have contributed to an overly complex-appearing state of affairs. Categories receiving intervention through imagery have included obsessive compulsive neurosis (Cautela, 1970a;Lazarus, 1965a;McGuire & Vallance, 1964), anxiety neurosis (Beck, 1970;Cautela, 1966a), phobic neurosis (Boulougouris et al, 1971;Cautela, 1971;Fazio, 1970;Hogan, 1968;Lazarus, 1965a;Lazarus & Abramovitz, 1962;Paul, 1969a) depressive neurosis (Lazarus, 1965a(Lazarus, , 1968a, conversion neurosis (Cautela, 1971;Meichenbaum, 1966), psychophysiologic disorders (Cautela, 1971), homosexuality (Barlow et al, 1969;Cautela, 1967Cautela, , 1971Feingold, 1969;Gold & Neufeld, 1965;Hammer, 1967;Rutner, 1970), fetishism (Kolvin, 1967;Kushner, 1965;Marks & Gelder, 1967;McGuire & Vallance, 1964), pedophilia (Barlow et al, 1969;Feingold, 1969), exhibitionism (Bond & Hutchison, 1965Evans, 1968;Feingold, 1969), impotence (Garfield et al, 1969;Lazarus, 1965b;Salzman, 1969), sadism (Davison, 1968;Mees, 1966), transvestism…”