A leap by the rise of solid-state electrolytes for Li-air batteries

Advanced Li/Na–CO2 Batteries Enabled by the γ-MnO2 Catalyst with Enhanced Carbonate Decomposition

“…10 Additionally, these disordered depositions of Li 2 CO 3 lead to the blockage of the pores and slow mass/electron transfer, thus resulting in slow kinetic reaction, high overpotential, and poor cycling stability of Li−CO 2 batteries. 11 More importantly, the decomposition of Li 2 CO 3 will lead to a series of oxidative decomposition reactions and complex side reactions, especially at such high potentials. 12,13 In addition, Na−CO 2 batteries are also considered promising candidates, due to their high specific energy density (1125 Wh kg of Na−CO 2 batteries is 4Na + 3CO 2 = 2Na 2 CO 3 + C (△rG θ m = −905.6 kJ mol −1 ).…”

“…Unfortunately, the major discharge product, Li 2 CO 3 , is a wide-band-gap insulator with high thermodynamic stability, low reactivity, and high decomposition potential (>4.3 V), which is not conducive to being completely decomposed during charging . Additionally, these disordered depositions of Li 2 CO 3 lead to the blockage of the pores and slow mass/electron transfer, thus resulting in slow kinetic reaction, high overpotential, and poor cycling stability of Li–CO 2 batteries . More importantly, the decomposition of Li 2 CO 3 will lead to a series of oxidative decomposition reactions and complex side reactions, especially at such high potentials. , In addition, Na–CO 2 batteries are also considered promising candidates, due to their high specific energy density (1125 Wh kg –1 ), low discharge voltage (2.35 V), and abundant sodium resources.…”

Electrolyte-Impregnated Mesoporous Hollow Microreactor to Supplement an Inner Reaction Pathway for Boosting the Cyclability of Li-CO2 Batteries

“…The rechargeable Li-CO 2 battery, based on the reaction of 4Li + + 3CO 2 + 4e – ↔ 2Li 2 CO 3 + C ( E 0 = 2.80 V vs Li/Li + ), has been regarded as one of the promising next-generation energy storage solutions due to its high theoretical energy density (1876 Wh kg –1 ) and environmental benignity to help meet carbon neutrality. − However, the insulating and insoluble nature of the discharge product Li 2 CO 3 makes it difficult to decompose during charging and therefore greatly limits the reversibility of the above reaction. − Particularly, the accumulative deposition of Li 2 CO 3 on the cathode inevitably masks the catalytically active sites, truncating not only the battery capacity but also the cycling stability, especially under a high depth of discharge/charge. Therefore, engineering high-performance catalysts to boost Li 2 CO 3 decomposition is of paramount importance in developing a rechargeable Li-CO 2 battery.…”

Modulating Bidirectional Catalytic Activity Through a RuNi Nanoalloy on Facile Candle Soot Carbon Towards Efficient Lithium‐CO2Mars Batteries

“…[3,4] Metal-gas batteries provide a unique opportunity to utilize the gas directly to generate electrical energy. [5,6] The development of Li-CO 2 battery technology may be an innovative approach for minimizing CO 2 emissions from the source (industries, power plants, etc.) by capturing CO 2 and electrochemically reducing it to generate and store electrical energy directly to meet the energy requirements.…”

“…Although technologies such as carbon capture and conversion of CO 2 to valuable fuels and chemicals have been developed in the recent past to achieve the target of reducing CO 2 emissions, these are more energy‐intensive, inefficient, and still require much technological intervention [3,4] . Metal‐gas batteries provide a unique opportunity to utilize the gas directly to generate electrical energy [5,6] . The development of Li‐CO 2 battery technology may be an innovative approach for minimizing CO 2 emissions from the source (industries, power plants, etc.)…”