A Leap above Friedewald Formula for Calculation of Low-Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol

Kapoor, Reema; Chakraborty, Montosh; Singh, Navpreet

doi:10.4103/0974-2727.154780

Cited by 34 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 17 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…We found a correlation of 0.93 between F-LDL and D-LDL. This finding is similar to that found in a study done by Kapoor et al 17 and other studies where the correlation ranged between 0.78 and 0.93. [18][19][20] The correlation between D-LDL-C and A-LDL-C in our study was found to be 0.92, which was similar to that of other studies, i.e., correlation of 0.93, 0.89, and 0.81.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…[18][19][20] The correlation between D-LDL-C and A-LDL-C in our study was found to be 0.92, which was similar to that of other studies, i.e., correlation of 0.93, 0.89, and 0.81. 18,19,21 Our study found a correlation of 0.94 between MF-LDL-C and D-LDL-C, which was higher than the one found by Kamal et al 18 (r = 0.81) and similar to Kapoor et al 17 (r = 0.95). Table 5: Summary of the measurements of TC, LDL-C (direct), LDL-C (Friedewald), and HDL-C according to TG levels, presented as mean ± SD (lowest level found -greatest level found) with Friedewald formula.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 54%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Comparison of Different estimated Formulas with Direct Estimation of Low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol

Kanani¹,

Mishra²

2017

Indian Journal of Medical Biochemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction Recent recommendations of the Adult Treatment Panel and the Adolescents Treatment Panel of the National Cholesterol Education Program make the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels in serum the basis of classification and management of hypercholesterolemia. This makes accurate reporting of LDL-C decisive in the management of coronary heart disease (CHD). Direct measurement of LDL by homogeneous method is accurate but reagent is costly. Therefore, we have to compare different calculated LDL values with direct LDL (D-LDL) values. Aim The aim of this study was (1) to decide if LDL-C level was underestimated/overestimated after it was calculated using the formulae compared with direct measurement of LDL-C and (2) to choose the best calculated method that compares maximum with the direct method. Materials and methods We measured total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), D-LDL by direct homogeneous method in 500 fasting samples. Simultaneously, Friedewald's (F-LDL-C), modified Friedewald's (MF-LDL-C), and Anandaraja's (A-LDL-C) formulas were also used for calculation of LDL-C. Results A good correlation was found between D-LDL-C as compared with F-LDL-C, MF-LDL-C, and A-LDL-C. Pearson's coefficient of correlation between MF-LDL-C and D-LDL-C was 0.94, which was moderately higher than other calculated methods. Pearson's coefficient of correlation between A-LDL-C and D-LDL-C was 0.92 and F-LDL-C and D-LDL was 0.93. Conclusion In conclusion, among the three LDL-C formulas, the Friedewald formula and Anandaraja' s formulas give a higher percentage of error compared with the modified Friedewald formula Therefore, modified Friedewald's formula is better than the other two formulae for calculating LDL-C in a more cost-effective manner and can be used in large population studies. How to cite this article Kanani DN, Mishra A. Comparison of Different Estimated Formulas with Direct Estimation of Low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol. Indian J Med Biochem 2017;21(2):151-156.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 54%

Comparison of Different estimated Formulas with Direct Estimation of Low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol

Kanani¹,

Mishra²

2017

Indian Journal of Medical Biochemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The correlation was 0.78 between Friedewald's LDL-C and directly measured LDL-C. This finding is similar to that found in other studies where the correlation ranged between 0.78 to 0.93 [18,19].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Comparison of LDL - cholesterol estimated by direct method and by calculation

Badrakiya¹,

Shah²,

Makadia³

et al. 2016

Int J of Biomed & Adv Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction: Total cholesterol (TC) and Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) are well-established risk factors for the coronary heart disease (CHD). There are many homogenous assays currently available for the estimation of serum LDL-C. Most clinical laboratories determine LDL-C (mg/dL) by Friedewald's formula (FF), LDL-C = (TC) -(HDL-C) -(TAG/5). This formula shows the level of LDL-C is dependent on triglyceride (TAG) level. Aim and Objectives: The aim of this study was to find out the relative advantages of direct measurement of cholesterol over the conventional derivation of LDL-C by calculation. Material and Method: The study contained 80 participants above 18 years. LDL-C estimation was done by direct method manually on the spectrophotometer and also calculated using the Friedewald's Formula. An independent t-test was applied to find out the statistically significant difference. Results: It was observed that, the mean LDL-C levels by calculated method and the direct method in the control group (TAG≤150 mg/dl) (114.83 and 116.88 mg/dl respectively, P=0.81), case group-1 (TAG=150-300 mg/dl) (113.11and 116.01 mg/dl respectively, P=0.82) and case group-2 (TAG=300-400 mg/dl) (112.75and 116.30 mg/dl respectively, P=0.73) show no significant difference, but in the case group-3 (TAG≥400 mg/dl) (112.12 and 182.0 mg/dl respectively, P<0.001) shows significant difference. Conclusion: Our data suggest that; the estimated LDL-C can be substantially underestimated due to the high triglyceride levels of 400 mg/dl or more. These results in the misclassification of the risk, where the patient's calculated LDL-C may be lower than their true LDL-C, resulting in the missed opportunities for the treatment.

show abstract

“…Low and very low density lipoprotein cholesterols (LDL-C and VLDL-C) were calculated employing the Friedewald's formula. 23 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study of association of vitamin D deficiency and coronary artery disease

Kumar

Verma

et al. 2017

Int J Res Med Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Recently vitamin D has received great interests for its multiple effects on inflammatory system and potential role in atherothrombosis. Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the common causes of death and disability in developed countries. Experimental evidence points to the involvement of multiple factors in coronary plaque formation, including vitamin D. The study aimed to examine the association of coronary artery disease with vitamin D level.Methods: 140 patients of CAD (coronary artery disease) and 101 age and sex matched control were enrolled in the study and 25-hyroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration was measured. All participants were evaluated for presence of conventional risk factors for coronary artery disease. Association of vitamin D level was established after adjusting other risk factors using logistic regression analysis.Results: In our study vitamin D level is significantly lower in patient group (CAD patients) compared with control group (18.2±10.9 vs 28.8±21ng/mL). Vitamin D deficiency was present in 81.4% patient in CAD patients whereas 57.7% in control group. Vitamin D deficiency was found to be an independent predictor of CAD after adjusting effect of other risk factors like hypertension, diabetes, smoking, obesity, high blood cholesterol and level of physical activity with adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) 2.695 (1.148-6.330).Conclusions: In present study patients of coronary artery disease had significantly low level of vitamin D as compared to individual without coronary artery disease. Vitamin D deficiency was found to be an independent predictor of CAD after adjusting other risk factors emphasizing that vitamin D can be a potential risk factor for development of coronary artery disease.

show abstract

A Leap above Friedewald Formula for Calculation of Low-Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol

Cited by 34 publications

References 17 publications

Comparison of Different estimated Formulas with Direct Estimation of Low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol

Comparison of Different estimated Formulas with Direct Estimation of Low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol

Comparison of LDL - cholesterol estimated by direct method and by calculation

A study of association of vitamin D deficiency and coronary artery disease

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About