“…It usually contains various substances (>50) in a relatively low concentration. Thus, to characterize media quality, NMR, HPLC-MS/MS, and spectroscopic methods, such as fluorescence- (2D, 3D), infrared- (NIR, MIR, FT-IR), or Raman spectroscopy are used, resulting in complex multi-dimensional data [ 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 ]. In addition, the advantages of multivariate data analysis and DF methods can be utilized to gain accurate information on media quality [ 55 ].…”