A layout-aware physical design method for constructing feasible QCA circuits

Design and simulation of modular 2n to 1 quantum‐dot cellular automata (QCA) multiplexers

“…In QCA implementations it is very important to produce a design that can work with advanced stability [43]. Many times small QCA designs succeed in simulation but fail when they are used as parts of a larger design.…”

Improving logic function synthesis, through wire crossing reduction in quantum‐dot cellular automata layout

“…The methods which attempt to reduce or eliminate wire crossing a Node duplication to reduce wire crossing [17] b Back-edge method to reduce wire crossing [18] c Universal logic gate functions [21] d Structure of new coplanar wire crossing [20] If we create the K-Map and fill the minterms of (1), into the map as the first approach (vertical square), we will have a K-Map such as Fig. 4a, and the SOP expression of (1) is implemented as follows…”

“…As mentioned earlier, there are many studies that have proposed several methods to reduce or eliminate wire crossing as follows: Node duplication is a method whereby one or multiple nodes are added to the circuits and reduces the wire crossing as shown in Fig. 3 a [17]. In this figure, node A is duplicated as node A′ that removes the wire crossing. Back‐edge is another method which reduces wire crossing.…”

“…Node duplication is a method whereby one or multiple nodes are added to the circuits and reduces the wire crossing as shown in Fig. 3 a [17]. In this figure, node A is duplicated as node A′ that removes the wire crossing.…”

“…Some of them convert the problem to the direct acyclic graph and aim to resolve this problem. Some researches proposed node duplication, swap node position, back-edge, compose universal logic gate, time division multiplexing in clock-phase, integer linear programming etc., as solutions to reduce or minimise wire crossing [16][17][18][19][20][21]. In this paper, based on the Karnaugh-Map (K-Map), a heuristic method is proposed that reduces the number of wire crossings in the QCA layout.…”