A layered-carbon/PbSO4 composite as a new additive for negative active material of lead-acid batteries

Zhang, Shukai; Zhang, Hao; Xue, Wenjing; Cheng, Jie; Zhang, Wenfeng; Cao, Gaoping; Zhao, Hailei; Yang, Yusheng

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2018.08.090

Cited by 26 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…With the addition of carbon, the current at −1.6 V for EC, CC, and NC increases, which means more hydrogen is released from EC, CC, and NC. [ 27,28 ] .The specific currents of EC, CC, and NC doped with 0.1 wt% carbon at −1.6 V are 0.1656, 0.1532, and 0.1362 A g −1 , respectively. This indicated that NC enhanced the conversion reaction of Pb 2+ to Pb and inhibited the HER reaction, inhibited the induced hydrogen release, compared with EC.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid Preparation of New Carbon Materials from Pure Six‐Carbon Alkane and Their Use as a Negative Electrode Additive for Lead‐Carbon Batteries

Yang

Cao

Liu³

et al. 2023

Energy Tech

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In this article, different carbon materials (NC, CC) are obtained by burning two kinds of six‐carbon alkane, n‐hexane, and cyclohexane, respectively. They are used as negative electrode additives for lead‐carbon batteries (LCBs) that could considerably improve the performance of LCB cycle life. 0.1 wt% NC (0.1NC) shows the best high rate partial state of charge cycle performance (5350) which is 3.6 times of CC and 1.2 times of commercial conductive carbon black. Furthermore, in the charging acceptance test, the initial instantaneous constant voltage charging receiving current of 0.1NC is 7.81 A, which is increased by 167% compared with 0.1EC (2.92 A). The synergistic effect of high graphitization structure, small specific surface area, and abundant carboxyl functional groups may be the reason for NC's good performance.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid Preparation of New Carbon Materials from Pure Six‐Carbon Alkane and Their Use as a Negative Electrode Additive for Lead‐Carbon Batteries

Yang

Cao

Liu³

et al. 2023

Energy Tech

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“…Henceforth, 3D carbon materials should be developed for mass production. [128] It should be deposited on the NAM to achieve 3D growth with a homogenous Pb seed layer on the surface. The positive electrode surface area and the negative electrode surface area should be matched to design an ideal surface area electrode for batter LCBs (see Figure 15).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, an anisotropic growth was achieved by constructing a hierarchical 3D morphology that is considered promising, ensuring the high surface area and reducing the aggregation of Pb branches. Henceforth, 3D carbon materials should be developed for mass production [128] . It should be deposited on the NAM to achieve 3D growth with a homogenous Pb seed layer on the surface.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long‐Life Lead‐Carbon Batteries for Stationary Energy Storage Applications

Sajjad,

Zhang,

Zhang

et al. 2023

The Chemical Record

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Owing to the mature technology, natural abundance of raw materials, high recycling efficiency, cost‐effectiveness, and high safety of lead‐acid batteries (LABs) have received much more attention from large to medium energy storage systems for many years. Lead carbon batteries (LCBs) offer exceptional performance at the high‐rate partial state of charge (HRPSoC) and higher charge acceptance than LAB, making them promising for hybrid electric vehicles and stationary energy storage applications. Despite that, adding carbon to the negative active electrode considerably enhances the electrochemical performance. However, carbon brings some adverse effects, such as the severe hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in the NAM due to the low overpotential of carbon material, promoting severe water loss in LCBs. From a practical application point of view, the irreversible sulfation of the negative active material (NAM) and extreme shedding and softening of the positive active material (PAM) are the main obstacles for next‐generation LCBs. Recently, a lead‐carbon composite additive delayed the parasitic hydrogen evolution and eliminated the sulfation problem, ensuring a long life of LCBs for practical aspects. This comprehensive review outlines a brief developmental historical background of LAB, its shifting towards LCB, the failure mode of LAB, and possible potential solutions to tackle the failure problems. The detailed LCB′s development towards long life was discussed in light of the reported literature to guide the researcher to date progress. More emphasis was directed toward the new applications of LCBs for stationary energy storage applications. Finally, state‐of‐the‐art progress and further research gaps were pointed out for future work in this exciting era.

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“…The pyrometallurgical recovery of SLP from spent LABs offers the benefits of large-scale batch processing and reduced discharge of wastewater and waste liquid containing lead. − However, less effort has been directed toward transforming SLP into PbSO 4 products. As an important chemical raw material, PbSO 4 can be used in lead storage batteries, pigments, and catalysts. − Therefore, it is urgent to explore a green and cost-effective route to realize the conversion of SLP to PbSO 4 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Batch Production of Lead Sulfate from Spent Lead–Acid Batteries via an Oxygen-Free Roasting Route: A Negative-Carbon Strategy

Liu

Wang

et al. 2023

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Multicomponent lead compounds, including lead (Pb), lead oxide (PbO), lead dioxide (PbO 2 ), and lead sulfate (PbSO 4 ), in spent lead−acid batteries (LABs), if not properly disposed of and recycled, will cause serious pollution and damage to the ecological environment. Pyrometallurgical smelting performed above 1000 °C often incurs high energy consumption and lead pollution. In this study, a low-temperature (300 °C), oxygen-free roasting process was proposed. With potassium bisulfate (KHSO 4 ) as the roasting reagent, the uniform conversion of multicomponent lead compounds from spent lead paste (SLP) to PbSO 4 was successfully realized in one step. We observed that PbO 2 species were relatively chemically stable, during the oxygen-free roasting. However, the decomposition of PbO 2 into PbO can be achieved by heating to 300 °C, resulting in an effective conversion to PbSO 4 . The optimal conditions for PbSO 4 production were a heating temperature of 300 °C, an SLP/KHSO 4 mass ratio of 1:1, and a holding time of 10.0 min. Life cycle assessment results show that the recycling of 1.0 t spent LABs can reduce carbon emissions of 2.45 t CO 2 and smog of 0.13 t. Our research provides an emission-free, low-temperature, and negative-carbon strategy for facile and cost-effective recycling of spent LABs, as an alternative to traditional pyrometallurgical smelting.

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A layered-carbon/PbSO4 composite as a new additive for negative active material of lead-acid batteries

Cited by 26 publications

References 32 publications

Rapid Preparation of New Carbon Materials from Pure Six‐Carbon Alkane and Their Use as a Negative Electrode Additive for Lead‐Carbon Batteries

Rapid Preparation of New Carbon Materials from Pure Six‐Carbon Alkane and Their Use as a Negative Electrode Additive for Lead‐Carbon Batteries

Long‐Life Lead‐Carbon Batteries for Stationary Energy Storage Applications

Batch Production of Lead Sulfate from Spent Lead–Acid Batteries via an Oxygen-Free Roasting Route: A Negative-Carbon Strategy

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