“…One of the commonly adopted metrics for NC1 is the normalized within-class covariance pyan et al, 2020;Zhu et al, 2021;Tirer & Bruna, 2022). The term is commonly referred to as Separation Fuzziness or simply Fuzziness in the related literature (He & Su, 2022), and is inherently related to the fisher discriminant ratio (Zarka et al, 2020).…”