“…The most common approach is to optimize the Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) (e.g. Brame, Nagin & Wasserman, 2006;D'Unger, Land, McCall, & Nagin, 1998;Kass & Raftery, 1995;Raftery, 1995;Bartolucci et al, 2007), by computing the corresponding maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) using the software Proc Traj (Jones, 2001;Jones, Nagin, & Roeder, 2001;Jones, & Nagin, 2007). Although versions of this procedure have had much success, it is known that such optimization can be problematic (e.g.…”