A Latent Class Analysis of Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) Experiences in Kosovo

Mental health outcomes of physical, sexual, and psychological intimate partner violence among women in Turkey: A latent class study

“…We found a class characterized by multiple forms of severe IPVs, in addition to no or low violence class, complementing the vast majority of studies conducted in WEIRD contexts (Ansara & Hindin, 2010; Cale et al, 2017; Hall et al, 2022; Herbert et al, 2023; Lagdon et al, 2023). Additionally, we found a single form of IPV class (i.e., high psychological violence ) in line with the previous research (Clark et al, 2019; Hall et al, 2022; Herbert et al, 2023; Kelmendi & Konjufca, 2023). Furthermore, in addition to the high psychological violence class, we found clusters where psychological IPV co‐occurs with physical and sexual IPV.…”

“…Our results yielded a five‐class model, which aligns with prior research that attempted to identify IPV classes experienced by survivor women within a range of 4–6 (e.g., Armour & Sleath, 2014; Clark et al, 2019; Kelmendi & Konjufca, 2023; Leyton, 2020). We found a class characterized by multiple forms of severe IPVs, in addition to no or low violence class, complementing the vast majority of studies conducted in WEIRD contexts (Ansara & Hindin, 2010; Cale et al, 2017; Hall et al, 2022; Herbert et al, 2023; Lagdon et al, 2023).…”

“…After that, to examine the psychological correlates of IPV classes, we compared the depression, anxiety, and somatization levels of the classes by utilizing one-way-ANOVAs and interpreting post hoc results based on Bonferroni correction (see Table 2). Our results yielded a five-class model, which aligns with prior research that attempted to identify IPV classes experienced by survivor women within a range of 4-6 (e.g., Armour & Sleath, 2014;Clark et al, 2019;Kelmendi & Konjufca, 2023;Leyton, 2020). We found a class characterized by multiple forms of severe IPVs, in addition to no or low violence class, complementing the vast majority of studies conducted in WEIRD contexts (Ansara & Hindin, 2010;Cale et al, 2017;Hall et al, 2022;Herbert et al, 2023;Lagdon et al, 2023).…”

“…A study conducted in Nepal with married women demonstrated four classes of IPV: low exposure class representing low probabilities of IPV, systematic violence class, multiple but less severe forms of violence, which refers to high psychological abuse and low physical abuse, and sexual violence class which is characterized by high sexual abuse (Clark et al, 2019). Last, one of the latest studies clustered the IPV experiences of women in Kosovo into five patterns: low profile (referring to low probabilities of any acts of IPV); coercive profile (characterized by coercive behavior and insistence on sex); emotional profile (mainly representing psychological abuse); physical profile (representing physical and sexual violence); and risk profile (a combination of all types of IPV) (Kelmendi & Konjufca, 2023).…”

“…Nonuniform experiences of survivors make IPV a complex concept. Previous research has shown that women survivors of IPV often experience more than one form of IPV during their intimate partner relationships (Ansara & Hindin, 2010; Clark et al, 2019; Hall et al, 2022; Kelmendi & Konjufca, 2023). This means that survivor women may report experiencing physical violence along with psychological violence, only psychological violence, or a combination of multiple types of IPV (Ludermir et al, 2010).…”