A late adenovirus factor induces eIF-4E dephosphorylation and inhibition of cell protein synthesis

Zhang, Yan; Feigenblum, David Y.; Schneider, Robert J.

doi:10.1128/jvi.68.11.7040-7050.1994

Cited by 60 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…The RNA is then cleared of ribosomes to allow replication to occur in the opposite direction. 57 This model is also likely to apply to other picornaviruses, as it has now been shown that PABP cleavage by PV 3C protease also inhibits translation directed by the PV IRES, both on RNAs with and without poly(A) tails. 58 It was also demonstrated that expression of a PABP that is resistant to cleavage by 3C protease within cells resulted in reduced production of viral RNA and reduced virus production.…”

Section: Picornavirusesmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Chapter 9 Viral Strategies to Subvert the Mammalian Translation Machinery

Roberts

Jopling

Jackson

et al. 2009

Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science

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Viruses do not carry their own protein biosynthesis machinery and the translation of viral proteins therefore requires that the virus usurps the machinery of the host cell. To allow optimal translation of viral proteins at the expense of cellular proteins, virus families have evolved a variety of methods to repress the host translation machinery, while allowing effective viral protein synthesis. Many viruses use noncanonical mechanisms that permit translation of their own RNAs under these conditions. Viruses have also developed mechanisms to evade host innate immune responses that would repress translation under conditions of viral infection, in particular PKR activation in response to double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). Importantly, the study of viral translation mechanisms has enormously enhanced our understanding of many aspects of the cellular protein biosynthesis pathway and its components. A number of unusual mechanisms of translation initiation that were first discovered in viruses have since been observed in cellular mRNAs, and it has become apparent that a diverse range of translation mechanisms operates in eukaryotes, allowing subtle regulation of this essential process.

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Section: Picornavirusesmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…It has also been shown recently that HAV 3C protease cleaves PABP in vivo and in vitro. 57 The resulting N-terminal cleavage product binds to the HAV 5 0 -UTR (to the pY1 region upstream of the IRES) and suppresses translation of the HAV mRNA. HAV does not induce host cell shutoff and infection does not result in cleavage of eIF4G.…”

Section: Picornavirusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chapter 9 Viral Strategies to Subvert the Mammalian Translation Machinery

Roberts

Jopling

Jackson

et al. 2009

Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science

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show abstract

“…However, a highly structured sequence may allow mRNA translation under specific conditions. For instance, picornavirus mRNAs possess an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) that allows cap-independent translation during viral infection [20]. IRES structures are not restricted to viral mRNAs but have also been found in cellular mRNAs, such as human immunoglobulin heavy chain binding protein (BiP or Grp 78), which is also an HSP [21], human fibroblast growth factor 2 [22] and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) [23], and some of them increase translation efficiency [23].…”

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confidence: 99%

An element within the 5′ untranslated region of human Hsp70 mRNA which acts as a general enhancer of mRNA translation

Vivinus¹,

Baulande²,

Zanten

et al. 2001

European Journal of Biochemistry

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The untranslated regions of mRNAs encoding heat-shock proteins have been reported to contain elements important to the post-transcriptional regulation of these key components of the stress response. In this report we describe an element from the 5 H UTR of human Hsp70 mRNA that increases the efficiency of mRNA translation. Cloning of this region upstream of the coding sequence of two different reporter genes (firefly luciferase and chloramphenicol acetyltransferase) increases expression of the reporter under normal cell culture conditions by up to an order of magnitude. This effect was observed in three different promoter contexts (HSP, SV40 and CMV) and in six cell lines. The increase in protein production is not accompanied by any alteration in mRNA levels, suggesting that the element facilitates translation. 5 H or 3 H truncated sequences are ineffective in enhancing reporter expression, suggesting that the activity arises from the secondary structure of the element, rather than from some smaller defined motif. Computer analysis of this region revealed that it is able to form stable secondary structures (DG < 2292.6 kJ´mol 21 ). The Hsp70 element does not seem to act as an internal ribosome entry site. Incorporation of the sequence into plasmids used for DNA vaccination produces increased antibody responses, confirming that the sequence is functional in primary cells. These data suggest that the 5 H UTR of human Hsp70 mRNA plays an important role in determining Hsp70 expression levels, and that it contains an element of general utility in enhancing recombinant protein expression systems.

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“…It is interesting that the basal shunting activity identified in the absence of all three complementarity elements is found to be approximately 5% of the shunting efficiency of the original tripartite leader and considered to represent a basic shunt, the mechanism of which is unknown (34). The tripartite leader confers the ability to eliminate or gradually reduce the normal requirement for eIF4E or eIF4F (121,123). Late (123).…”

Section: Adenovirusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The tripartite leader confers the ability to eliminate or gradually reduce the normal requirement for eIF4E or eIF4F (121,123). Late (123). Significantly, ribosomal shunt mechanisms in adenovirus also function exclusively in conditions when elF4F is inactivated, during late adenovirus infection or heat shock conditions (33).…”

Section: Adenovirusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral strategies of translation initiation: Ribosomal shunt and reinitiation

Ryabova

Pooggin

Höhn

2002

Progress in Nucleic Acid Research and Molecular Biology

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Due to the compactness of their genomes, viruses are well suited to the study of basic expression mechanisms, including details of transcription, RNA processing, transport, and translation. In fact, most basic principles of these processes were first described in viral systems. Furthermore, viruses seem not to respect basic rules, and cases of "abnormal" expression strategies are quiet common, although such strategies are usually also finally observed in rare cases of cellular gene expression. Concerning translation, viruses most often violate Kozak's original rule that eukaryotic translation starts from a capped monocistronic mRNA and involves linear scanning to find the first suitable start codon. Thus, many viral cases have been described where translation is initiated from noncapped RNA, using an internal ribosome entry site. This review centers on other viral translation strategies, namely shunting and virus-controlled reinitiation as first described in plant pararetroviruses (Caulimoviridae). In shunting, major parts of a complex leader are bypassed and not melted by scanning ribosomes. In the Caulimoviridae, this process is coupled to reinitiation after translation of a small open reading frame; in other cases, it is possibly initiated upon pausing of the scanning ribosome. Most of the Caulimoviridae produce polycistronic mRNAs. Two basic mechanisms are used for their translation. Alternative translation of the downstream open reading frames in the bacilliform Caulimoviridae occurs by a leaky scanning mechanism, and reinitiation of polycistronic translation in many of the icosahedral Caulimoviridae is enabled by the action of a viral transactivator. Both of these processes are discussed here in detail and compared to related processes in other viruses and cells.

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A late adenovirus factor induces eIF-4E dephosphorylation and inhibition of cell protein synthesis

Cited by 60 publications

References 76 publications

Chapter 9 Viral Strategies to Subvert the Mammalian Translation Machinery

Chapter 9 Viral Strategies to Subvert the Mammalian Translation Machinery

An element within the 5′ untranslated region of human Hsp70 mRNA which acts as a general enhancer of mRNA translation

Viral strategies of translation initiation: Ribosomal shunt and reinitiation

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