A laser scanning system for the measurement of facial surface morphology

Moss, J.P.; Linney, AD; Grindrod, S. R.; Mosse, Charles A.

doi:10.1016/0143-8166(89)90036-5

Cited by 100 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Advanced surface techniques to inspect bone surface have been proposed [Moss et al, 1989;Walsh et al, 1991;Schwartz et al, 2000]. We applied a new method based on surface profilometry and imaging [Fusi et al, 2005].…”

Section: Bone Resorption Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeled gravitational unloading triggers differentiation and apoptosis in preosteoclastic cells

et al. 2006

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Gravity acts permanently on organisms as either static or dynamic stimulation. Understanding the influence of gravitational and mechanical stimuli on biological systems is an intriguing scientific problem. More than two decades of life science studies in low g, either real or modeled by clinostats, as well as experimentation with devices simulating different types of controlled mechanical stimuli, have shown that important biological functions are altered at the single cell level. Here, we show that the human leukemic line FLG 29.1, characterized as an osteoclastic precursor model, is directly sensitive to gravitational unloading, modeled by a random positioning machine (RPM). The phenotypic expression of cytoskeletal proteins, osteoclastic markers, and factors regulating apoptosis was investigated using histochemical and immunohistochemical methods, while the expression of the corresponding genes was analyzed using RT-PCR. A quantitative bone resorption assay was performed. Autofluorescence spectroscopy and imaging were applied to gain information on cell metabolism. The results show that modeled hypogravity may trigger both differentiation and apoptosis in FLG 29.1 cells. Indeed, when comparing RPM versus 1 Â g cultures, in the former we found cytoskeletal alterations and a marked increase in apoptosis, but the surviving cells showed an osteoclastic-like morphology, overexpression of osteoclastic markers and the ability to resorb bone. In particular, the overexpression of both RANK and its ligand RANKL, maintained even after return to 1 Â g conditions, is consistent with the firing of a differentiation process via a paracrine/autocrine mechanism. J. Cell. Biochem. 98: 65-80, 2006. ß 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Key words: weightlessness; preosteoclastic differentiation; apoptosis; bone resorption; osteoporosis; gene expressionThe importance of gravity in modulating some biological processes, such as plant gravitropism and the adaptation of the vertebrate skeleton in relation to its load-bearing function, has long been known. Nevertheless, the role of gravity and other mechanical factors in biological processes is far from clear. A weightless environment is a powerful tool for understanding this role and for studying the related cellular and molecular mechanisms. Several investigations conducted in space laboratories and with instruments averaging the gravity vector, and thus simulating conditions of reduced gravity, have shown that isolated cells may change their behavior under altered gravitational conditions. Loss of cell activation [Cogoli et al., 1984], perturbation of signal transduction [Schmitt et al., 1996;Hashemi et al., 1999] and modification of genetic expression [Walther et al., 1998;Hammond et al., 1999] have been described. This suggests that some of the mechanisms at the roots of the systemic effects observed in weightlessness, such as depression of the immune system [Gmü nder and Cogoli, 1996]

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Section: Bone Resorption Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeled gravitational unloading triggers differentiation and apoptosis in preosteoclastic cells

et al. 2006

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“…In this work we use 3,339 3D scans from 5 databases, namely the BU-3DFE database [36], the GavabDB [37], the NTU 3D Model Database ver.1 [38], the AIM@SHAPE Shape Repository 1 and an in-house dataset obtained by optical surface scanning [39].…”

Section: Databasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

3-D Face Detection, Landmark Localization, and Registration Using a Point Distribution Model

Nair

Cavallaro

2009

IEEE Trans. Multimedia

124

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Abstract-We present an accurate and robust framework for detecting and segmenting faces, localizing landmarks and achieving fine registration of face meshes based on the fitting of a facial model. This model is based on a 3D Point Distribution Model (PDM) that is fitted without relying on texture, pose or orientation information. Fitting is initialized using candidate locations on the mesh, which are extracted from low-level curvaturebased feature maps. Face detection is performed by classifying the transformations between model points and candidate vertices based on the upper-bound of the deviation of the parameters from the mean model. Landmark localization is performed on the segmented face by finding the transformation that minimizes the deviation of the model from the mean shape. Face registration is obtained using prior anthropometric knowledge and the localized landmarks. The performance of face detection is evaluated on a database of faces and non-face objects where we achieve an accuracy of 99.6%. We also demonstrate face detection and segmentation on objects with different scale and pose. The robustness of landmark localization is evaluated with noisy data and by varying the number of shapes and model points used in the model learning phase. Finally, face registration is compared with the traditional Iterative Closest Point (ICP) method and evaluated through a face retrieval and recognition framework on the GavabDB dataset, where we achieve a recognition rate of 87.4% and a retreival rate of 83.9%.

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“…Imaging techniques reported included stereophotogrammetry and moiré contourography [5][6][7][8], ultrasonography [6], conventional axial computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) [9], lateral facial plates [10], facial plethysmography [11,12], surface radiography [12], and laser surface scanners [13,14]. Stereophotogrammetry, moiré contourography, and MRI are accurate and reproducible but very expensive to run, while CT exposes the patient to unwanted radiation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of rapid manufacturing techniques in support of maxillofacial treatment— Evidence of the requirements of clinical applications

Chandra¹,

Watson²,

Rowson³

et al. 2005

International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

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A laser scanning system for the measurement of facial surface morphology

Cited by 100 publications

References 8 publications

Modeled gravitational unloading triggers differentiation and apoptosis in preosteoclastic cells

Modeled gravitational unloading triggers differentiation and apoptosis in preosteoclastic cells

3-D Face Detection, Landmark Localization, and Registration Using a Point Distribution Model

Application of rapid manufacturing techniques in support of maxillofacial treatment— Evidence of the requirements of clinical applications

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